Search Results
Journal Article
The Changing Role of Family Income in College Selection and Beyond
Leukhina, Oksana
(2023-07-14)
Previous literature has established that the role of family income has grown substantially at predicting college entry decisions when comparing the 1979 and 1997 National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth (e.g., Belley and Lochner (2007)). In this article, I further examine the changing role of family income as a determinant of college quality choice, degree attainment, and post-schooling earnings. I document that the role of family income has remained important and relatively stable at explaining college quality choice, its importance increasing only for the choice of four- over two-year ...
Review
, Volume 105
, Issue 3
, Pages 198-222
Working Paper
Digital Adoption, Automation, and Labor Markets in Developing and Emerging Economies
Shapiro, Alan Finkelstein; Mandelman, Federico S.
(2019-12-02)
We document a strong negative link between self-employment and the rate of digital adoption by firms in developing and emerging economies. No link between digital adoption and the unemployment rate is found, however. To explain this evidence, we build a general equilibrium search-and-matching model with endogenous labor force participation, self-employment, endogenous firm entry, and information-and-communications technology adoption. The main finding is that changes in the cost of technology adoption per se cannot rationalize the evidence. Instead, changes in firms' barriers to entry ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper
, Paper 2019-22
Working Paper
The Outlook for U.S. Labor-Quality Growth
Fernald, John G.; Daly, Mary C.; Hobijn, Bart; Bosler, Canyon
(2016-07-11)
Over the past 15 years, labor-quality growth has been very strong?defying nearly all earlier projections?and has added around 0.5 percentage points to an otherwise modest U.S. productivity picture. Going forward, labor quality is likely to add considerably less and may even be a drag on productivity growth in the medium term. Using a variety of methods, we project that potential labor-quality growth in the longer run (7 to 10 years out) is likely to fall in the range of 0.1 to 0.25 percent per year. In the medium term, labor-quality growth could be lower or even negative, should employment ...
Working Paper Series
, Paper 2016-14
Working Paper
How Demand for New Skills Affects Wage Inequality: The Case of Software Programmers
de Souza, Gustavo; Herbstman, Jacob S.; Mannion, Jack
(2024-09-30)
We study how the demand for programming skills has impacted inequality. We create a new dataset with information on wages, employment, and software of Brazilian programmers, covering the period from the birth of information technology (IT) to the rise of artificial intelligence (AI). High-ability, high-wage, and highly educated individuals in key technology hubs are more likely to become programmers. Creating software boosts both wages and career prospects of programmers, especially for those with specialized skills in AI and cybersecurity. These wage gains are concentrated among top ...
Working Paper Series
, Paper WP 2024-19
Working Paper
The Impact of Racial Segregation on College Attainment in Spatial Equilibrium
Gregory, Victoria; Kozlowski, Julian; Rubinton, Hannah
(2024-05-06)
This paper seeks to understand the forces that maintain racial segregation and the Black-White gap in college attainment, as well as their interactions with place-based policy interventions. We incorporate race into an overlapping-generations spatial-equilibrium model with neighborhood spillovers. Race matters due to: (i) a Black-White wage gap, (ii) amenity externalities---households care about their neighborhood's racial composition---and (iii) additional barriers to moving for Black households. We find that these forces account for 71% of the racial segregation and 64% of the Black-White ...
Working Papers
, Paper 2022-036
Working Paper
Occupational Choice, Retirement, and the Effects of Disability Insurance
Jacobs, Lindsay
(2016-06)
There is much variation in the physical requirements across occupations, giving rise to great differences in later-life productivity, disability risk, and the value of Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI). In this paper, I look at how such differences across occupations affect initial career choice as well as the extent to which SSDI, which insures shocks to productivity due to disability, prompts more people to choose physically intense occupations. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Current Population Survey (CPS), I estimate a dynamic model of occupational ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2016-051
Working Paper
Misallocation, informality, and human capital: understanding the role of institutions
Senkal, Asli; D'Erasmo, Pablo; Moscoso Boedo, Herman J.
(2014-03-24)
Accepted for publication, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control The aim of this paper is to quantify the role of formal-sector institutions in shaping the demand for human capital and the level of informality. We propose a firm dynamics model where firms face capital market imperfections and costs of operating in the formal sector. Formal firms have a larger set of production opportunities and the ability to employ skilled workers, but informal firms can avoid the costs of formalization. These firm-level distortions give rise to endogenous formal and informal sectors and, more importantly, ...
Working Papers
, Paper 14-11
Working Paper
International trade and labor reallocation: misclassification errors, mobility, and switching costs
Dvorkin, Maximiliano
(2022-08-12)
Over the last few decades, international trade has increased at a rapid pace, altering domestic production and labor demand in different sectors of the economy. A growing literature studies the heterogeneous effects of trade shocks on workers’ employment and on welfare when reallocation decisions are costly. The estimated effects critically depend on data on workers’ reallocation patterns, which is typically plagued with coding errors. In this paper, I study the consequences of misclassification errors for estimates of the labor market effects of international trade and show that ...
Working Papers
, Paper 2021-014
Report
Jacks of All Trades and Masters of One: Declining Search Frictions and Unequal Growth
Menzio, Guido; Martellini, Paolo
(2020-09-23)
Declining search frictions generate productivity growth by allowing workers to find jobs for which they are better suited. The return of declining search frictions on productivity varies across different types of workers. For workers who are "jacks of all trades" in the sense that their productivity is nearly independent from the distance between their skills and the requirements of their job—declining search frictions lead to minimal productivity growth. For workers who are "masters of one trade" in the sense that their productivity is very sensitive to the gap between their individual ...
Staff Report
, Paper 613
Working Paper
The Cross-Section of Labor Leverage and Equity Returns
Donangelo, Andres; Gourio, François; Kehrig, Matthias; Palacios, Miguel
(2017-09-04)
Using a standard production model, we demonstrate theoretically that, even if labor is fully flexible, it generates a form of operating leverage if (a) wages are smoother than productivity and (b) the capital-labor elasticity of substitution is strictly less than one. Our model supports using labor share?the ratio of labor expenses to value added?as a proxy for labor leverage. We show evidence for conditions (a) and (b), and we demonstrate the economic significance of labor leverage: High labor-share firms have operating profits that are more sensitive to shocks, and they have higher expected ...
Working Paper Series
, Paper WP-2017-22
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Non-participation 1 items
Nonparametric estimation 1 items
Normal mixture 1 items
North American Bison 1 items
Nurturing Relationship 1 items
Occupational Choice 1 items
Occupational Task Content 1 items
Occupational choice 1 items
Occupational licensing 1 items
Occupational switching 1 items
Occupational transmission 1 items
Optimal taxation 1 items
Parental background 1 items
Parental inputs 1 items
Policy Distortions 1 items
Prime-age Individuals 1 items
Productivity 1 items
Progressivity 1 items
Puerto Rico 1 items
Racial Inequality 1 items
Racial disparities 1 items
Recession 1 items
Recidivism 1 items
Redistribution 1 items
Regional economics 1 items
Returns to college 1 items
Returns to education 1 items
Revenue 1 items
Risk 1 items
Routine tasks 1 items
STEM 1 items
Schooling 1 items
Search and Matching 1 items
Search frictions 1 items
Selection 1 items
Self-employment 1 items
Skewness 1 items
Social insurance 1 items
Sorting 1 items
Spatial Sorting 1 items
Student loan debt 1 items
Student loans 1 items
Survey of Working Arrangements and Attitudes (SWAA) 1 items
Survey of consumer finances 1 items
Tagging 1 items
Teacher Quality 1 items
Technological change 1 items
Technological substitution 1 items
Teen Employment 1 items
Toxic Stress 1 items
Tuition 1 items
Unemployment Duration 1 items
Urban Wage Premium 1 items
Uzawa’s theorem 1 items
Vacancies 1 items
Value of time 1 items
Valued government expenditures 1 items
Vietnam War draft lottery 1 items
Wage Polarization 1 items
Wage contracts 1 items
Wage growth 1 items
Wage inequality 1 items
Wealth 1 items
Welfare analysis 1 items
Workforce trends 1 items
Zero earnings 1 items
academic learning 1 items
age 1 items
agglomeration 1 items
aggregate productivity 1 items
aggregation 1 items
alternative work arrangements 1 items
anchoring 1 items
asymmetric information 1 items
automobiles 1 items
baby boom 1 items
balanced growth 1 items
brain drain 1 items
capital-augmenting technological progress 1 items
capital-skill complementarity 1 items
career ladder 1 items
childcare 1 items
climate change 1 items
coagglomeration 1 items
college 1 items
college access 1 items
college major 1 items
college quality premium 1 items
college selection 1 items
community colleges 1 items
community development financial institutions 1 items
compensating differentials 1 items
covid-19 1 items
credit constraints 1 items
data harmonization 1 items
debt management 1 items
default 1 items
developing and emerging economies 1 items
digital adoption 1 items
disability 1 items
diversity 1 items
dynamic Roy models 1 items
early childhood development 1 items
earnings 1 items
earnings inequality 1 items
economic development 1 items
economic geography 1 items
economic growth 1 items
economic return 1 items
education composition 1 items
elasticity of substitution 1 items
employer search 1 items
employment persistence 1 items
endogenous firm entry 1 items
energy 1 items
entrepreneurship 1 items
factor analysis 1 items
family income 1 items
financial aid 1 items
financial health 1 items
financial innovation 1 items
firm heterogeneity 1 items
flattening 1 items
for-profit schools 1 items
fracking 1 items
frictional labor markets 1 items
fundamental surplus 1 items
gap year 1 items
gender earnings gap 1 items
gender gap 1 items
general equilibrium 1 items
geographic concentration 1 items
globalization 1 items
growth 1 items
higher education finance 1 items
household consumption 1 items
hysteresis 1 items
import competition 1 items
income effect 1 items
income effect 1 items
income-based admissions 1 items
industrial robots 1 items
industry 1 items
inflation 1 items
interstate migration 1 items
investment under uncertainty 1 items
job 1 items
job displacement 1 items
job polarization 1 items
joblessness 1 items
labor and demographic economics 1 items
labor force exit rates 1 items
labor income 1 items
labor market 1 items
labor market matching 1 items
labor market pooling 1 items
labor market search effort 1 items
labor productivity 1 items
labor search frictions 1 items
labor supply. 1 items
labor’s share in income 1 items
learning disabilities 1 items
licensing 1 items
life cycle. 1 items
life expectancy 1 items
loans 1 items
local economic development 1 items
low-wage jobs 1 items
manufacturing industries 1 items
marriage 1 items
match quality 1 items
matching model 1 items
measurement of inequality 1 items
mentoring 1 items
merit aid 1 items
middle skills 1 items
mismatch 1 items
natural resources 1 items
new economy 1 items
non-pay amenities 1 items
nonpublic data 1 items
normal mixtures 1 items
occupation 1 items
occupational switching 1 items
optimal contract design 1 items
ordinal statistics 1 items
part-time work 1 items
peer effects 1 items
persistence 1 items
place effect. 1 items
population aging 1 items
population decline 1 items
prime-age male labor force participation 1 items
productivity slowdown 1 items
propensity score weighting 1 items
public finance of higher education 1 items
race 1 items
racial inequality 1 items
recessions 1 items
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