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JEL Classification:G23 

Discussion Paper
Financial Stability and the Coronavirus Pandemic

The Atlanta Fed recently helped organize a conference titled "Financial Stability and the Coronavirus Pandemic." The conference had three sessions devoted to problems focusing on various aspects of how the markets for corporate credits responded to the COVID-19 shock including corporate bond investment funds, the corporate bond market, and the corporate loan market. This article summarizes some of the important findings of the papers presented at the conference.
Policy Hub* , Paper 2020-13

Journal Article
Fiat-Backed Stablecoins and Narrow Banking

Devastated by the misery of millions of people during the Great Depression caused by the collapse of the entire US financial system, a group of economists at the University of Chicago sought to reform the banking sector. The "Chicago plan" suggested a replacement of "fractional-reserve banks" with "full-reserve banks" (also called "narrow banks" and "limited-purpose banks"). Most economists dismiss this idea. However, the rising popularity of stablecoins and the 2025 GENIUS Act in the US introduce this form of banking to the general public. The goal of this note is to analyze the similarities ...
Policy Hub , Volume 2026 , Issue 2 , Pages 12

Journal Article
So Far, So Good: Government Insurance of Financial Sector Tail Risk

The US government has intervened to provide extraordinary support 16 times from 1970 to 2020 with the goal of preventing or mitigating (or both) the cost of financial instability to the financial sector and the real economy. This article discusses the motivation for such support, reviewing the instances where support was provided, along with one case where it was expected but not provided. The article then discusses the moral hazard and fiscal risks posed by the government's insurance of the tail risk along with ways to reduce the government's risk exposure.
Policy Hub , Volume 2021 , Issue 13

Journal Article
Decentralized Finance (DeFi): Transformative Potential and Associated Risks

Financial services in the crypto finance world are provided by a combination of centralized finance (CeFi) organizations and decentralized finance (DeFi). CeFi's are roughly similar to traditional financial intermediaries, but DeFi seeks to provide services using smart contracts (computer code) rather than an intermediary. DeFi's unusual structure creates some interesting potential but also raises new risks in addition to those already inherent in blockchains and crypto finance. This paper reviews some of the opportunities and risks.
Policy Hub , Volume 2022 , Issue 14

Journal Article
An Introduction to Web3 with Implications for Financial Services

Web3 is used to describe the next iteration of the internet in which decentralized services are automated on blockchains. This paper describes the elements of Web3 including blockchains and tokens. It describes the largest decentralized finance protocols and some specific services where blockchain and tokens can be used. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of some regulatory challenges.
Policy Hub , Volume 2023 , Issue 3

Journal Article
The Fed and Its Shadow: A Historical View

Central bank policies have always incorporated both a discretionary or active component and a passive component. Successful central banking has required a coordination of the two components. After a period of apparent dormancy, the passive component of monetary policy has emerged from the shadows and become relevant for Federal Reserve policy today.
Policy Hub , Volume 2023 , Issue 6 , Pages 32

Journal Article
Financial Stability and the Coronavirus Pandemic

The Atlanta Fed recently helped organize a conference titled “Financial Stability and the Coronavirus Pandemic.” The conference had three sessions devoted to problems focusing on various aspects of how the markets for credits responded to the COVID-19 shock including corporate bond investment funds, the corporate bond market, and the corporate loan market. This article summarizes some of the important findings of the papers presented at the conference.
Policy Hub , Volume 2020 , Issue 13 , Pages 8

Discussion Paper
Mind the Gap: How Do Credit Market Experiences and Borrowing Patterns Differ for Minority-Owned Firms?

Given the relationship between a small business’s access to financing and its outcomes, and given the growing share of minorities in the U.S. population, it is important that creditworthy firms and entrepreneurs, irrespective of race or ethnicity, are able to secure adequate financial resources to achieve growth and success. This paper employs data from the Federal Reserve System’s 2016 Small Business Credit Survey to explore under what conditions credit market experiences differ for various racial and ethnic ownership groups of small employer firms.The authors find evidence for ...
FRB Atlanta Community and Economic Development Discussion Paper , Paper 2018-03

Report
How Are U.S. Consumers Using General Purpose Reloadable Prepaid Cards? Are They Being Used as Substitutes for Checking Accounts?

Owners of general purpose reloadable prepaid cards (GPR) who do not have checking accounts comprise 4.8 percent of U.S. adults, according to the 2012 Survey of Consumer Payment Choice. This report explores two important aspects of prepaid card use: Do owners of GPR prepaid cards who lack checking accounts use these cards differently than those who have checking accounts? Are these cards substituting for payment services that have traditionally been provided only via traditional checking accounts?Holding income and demographic factors constant, U.S. consumers without checking accounts (those ...
Consumer Payments Research Data Reports , Paper 2015-03

Report
Defining Households That Are Underserved in Digital Payment Services

US households that lack digital means of making and receiving payments cannot participate fully in an increasingly digitized economy. Assessing the scope of this problem and addressing it requires a definition of households that are underserved in digital payments. Traditional definitions of households underserved in the banking system—those that are unbanked and those that are underbanked—do not account for the ownership of nonbank transaction accounts that can be used to make and receive digital payments. In this paper, we define households underserved in digital payments by considering ...
Consumer Payments Research Data Reports , Paper 2024-03

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Anadu, Kenechukwu E. 20 items

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