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Working Paper
Risk Taking and Interest Rates : Evidence from Decades in the Global Syndicated Loan Market
Lee, Seung Jung; Stebunovs, Viktors; Liu, Lucy Qian (2017-01)
We study how low interest rates in the United States affect risk taking in the market for cross-border corporate loans. Because banks tend to originate these loans with intent to sell to nonbank investors, we examine risk taking by the broad financial system. To the extent that actions of the Federal Reserve affect U.S. interest rates, our analysis provides evidence of cross-border spillover effects of U.S. monetary policy and highlights the global lending and risk-taking channels. We find that movements in the U.S. interest rates have an important effect on ex-ante credit risk of ...
International Finance Discussion Papers , Paper 1188

Report
Liquidity traps, capital flows
Acharya, Sushant; Bengui, Julien (2016-01-01)
Motivated by debates surrounding international capital flows during the Great Recession, we conduct a positive and normative analysis of capital flows when a region of the global economy experiences a liquidity trap. Capital flows reduce inefficient output fluctuations in this region by inducing exchange rate movements that reallocate expenditure toward the goods it produces. Restricting capital mobility hampers such an adjustment. From a global perspective, constrained efficiency entails subsidizing capital flows to address an aggregate demand externality associated with exchange rate ...
Staff Reports , Paper 765

Working Paper
Macrofinancial History and the New Business Cycle Facts
Taylor, Alan M.; Jordà, Òscar; Schularick, Moritz (2016-10-12)
In advanced economies, a century-long near-stable ratio of credit to GDP gave way to rapid financialization and surging leverage in the last forty years. This ?financial hockey stick? coincides with shifts in foundational macroeconomic relationships beyond the widely-noted return of macroeconomic fragility and crisis risk. Leverage is correlated with central business cycle moments, which we can document thanks to a decade-long international and historical data collection effort. More financialized economies exhibit somewhat less real volatility, but also lower growth, more tail risk, as well ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2016-23

Working Paper
Unconventional Monetary Policy Spillovers and the (In)convenience of Treasuries
Dilts Stedman, Karlye; Hanson, Andrew (2025-09-04)
Using high frequency data, we find that spillovers to the U.S. yield curve from the European Central Bank increased following the Global Financial Crisis, and strengthened when the U.S. normalized policy out of sync with other advanced economies. These spillovers were amplified by a contemporaneous waning in the ”convenience” of Treasuries. This provides evidence for a portfolio balance channel of transmission that is time-varying based on thenon-pecuniary characteristics of Treasuries. We rationalize these facts using a two-country model of preferred habitat investors, where time-varying ...
Research Working Paper , Paper RWP 25-10

Report
Spillovers and Spillbacks
Acharya, Sushant; Pesenti, Paolo (2024-03-01)
We study international monetary policy spillovers and spillbacks in a tractable two-country Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian model. Relative to Representative Agent (RANK) models, our framework introduces a precautionary-savings channel, as households in both countries face uninsurable income risk, and a real-income channel, as households have heterogeneous marginal propensities to consume (MPC). While both channels amplify the size of spillovers/spillbacks, only precautionary savings can change their sign relative to RANK. Spillovers are likely to be larger in economies with higher ...
Staff Reports , Paper 1089

Working Paper
Global Financial Cycles and Risk Premiums
Jordà, Òscar; Ward, Felix; Taylor, Alan M.; Schularick, Moritz (2018-06-11)
This paper studies the synchronization of financial cycles across 17 advanced economies over the past 150 years. The comovement in credit, house prices, and equity prices has reached historical highs in the past three decades. The sharp increase in the comovement of global equity markets is particularly notable. We demonstrate that fluctuations in risk premiums, and not risk-free rates and dividends, account for a large part of the observed equity price synchronization after 1990. We also show that U.S. monetary policy has come to play an important role as a source of fluctuations in risk ...
Working Paper Series , Paper 2018-5

Working Paper
Optimal monetary policy in open economies revisited
Wang, Jiao; Fujiwara, Ippei (2016-05-01)
This paper revisits optimal monetary policy in open economies, in particular, focusing on the noncooperative policy game under local currency pricing in a two-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. We first derive the quadratic loss functions which noncooperative policy makers aim to minimize. Then, we show that noncooperative policy makers face extra trade-offs regarding stabilizing the real marginal costs induced by deviations from the law of one price under local currency pricing. As a result of the increased number of stabilizing objectives, welfare gains from cooperation ...
Globalization Institute Working Papers , Paper 272

Working Paper
Output Spillovers from U.S. Monetary Policy: The Role of International Trade and Financial Linkages
Bräuning, Falk; Sheremirov, Viacheslav (2019-10-01)
We estimate that U.S. monetary policy has sizable spillover effects on global economic activity. In response to a surprise increase in the federal funds rate of 25 basis points, real output in our sample of 44 countries declines on average by 0.9% after three years. We find that international trade is a more important factor than international finance in explaining these spillovers. In particular, countries with a high share of exports and imports in output have 79% larger responses than countries with a low share, whereas we do not find significant heterogeneity depending on a country’s ...
Working Papers , Paper 19-15

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