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Report
Pandemic-Era Inflation Drivers and Global Spillovers
Silva, Alvaro; Kalemli-Özcan, Ṣebnem; Yildirim, Muhammed A.; di Giovanni, Julian (2023-11-01)
We estimate a multi-country, multi-sector New Keynesian model to quantify the drivers of domestic inflation during 2020–23 in several countries, including the United States. The model matches observed inflation together with sector-level prices and wages. We further measure the relative importance of different types of shocks on inflation across countries over time. The key mechanism, the international transmission of demand, supply and energy shocks through global linkages helps us to match the behavior of the USD/EUR exchange rate. The quantification exercise yields four key findings. ...
Staff Reports , Paper 1080

Working Paper
Financial Frictions and International Trade
Szkup, Michal; Leibovici, Fernando; Kohn, David (2021-07-08)
This paper reviews recent studies on the impact of financial frictions on international trade. We first present evidence on the relation between measures of access to external finance and export decisions. We then present an analytical framework to analyze the impact of financial frictions on firms' export decisions. Finally, we review recent applications of this framework to investigate the impact of financial frictions on international trade dynamics across firms, industries, and in the aggregate. We discuss related empirical, theoretical, and quantitative studies throughout.
Working Papers , Paper 2021-009

Working Paper
Shortages of Critical Goods in a Global Economy: Optimal Trade and Industrial Policy
Leibovici, Fernando; Santacreu, Ana Maria (2023-12)
This paper studies the role for optimal trade and industrial policy to mitigate shortages of critical goods following global shocks. We develop a dynamic model of trade with producers of essential and non-essential goods owned by heterogeneous households under incomplete markets. Shocks that increase global demand for critical goods lead to underinvestment relative to an economy with a representative household or complete markets. Trade exacerbates the shock as producers reallocate domestic sales toward exports. Shortages can be mitigated, increasing welfare, by taxing exports while ...
Working Papers , Paper 2020-010

Report
Specialization and the volume of trade: do the data obey the laws?
Harrigan, James (2001-11-01)
The core subjects of trade theory are the pattern and volume of trade: which goods are traded by which countries, and how much of those goods are traded. The first part of this paper discusses evidence on comparative advantage, with an emphasis on carefully connecting theoretical models with data analyses. The second part of the paper considers the theoretical foundations of the gravity model and reviews the small number of studies that have tried to test, rather than simply use, the implications of gravity. Both parts of the paper yield the same conclusion: we are still in the very early ...
Staff Reports , Paper 140

Discussion Paper
New China Tariffs Increase Costs to U.S. Households
Amiti, Mary; Weinstein, David E.; Redding, Stephen J. (2019-05-23)
Tariffs on $200 billion of U.S. imports from China subject to earlier 10 percent levies increased to 25 percent beginning May 10, 2019, after a breakdown in trade negotiations. In this post, we consider the cost of these higher tariffs to the typical U.S. household.
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20190523

Working Paper
Financial Development and International Trade
Leibovici, Fernando (2020-06)
This paper studies the industry-level and aggregate implications of financial development on international trade. I set up a multi-industry general equilibrium model of international trade with input-output linkages and heterogeneous firms subject to financial frictions. Industries differ in capital-intensity, which leads to differences in external finance dependence. The model is parameterized to match key features of firm-level data. Financial development leads to substantial reallocation of international trade shares from labor- to capital-intensive industries, with minor effects at the ...
Working Papers , Paper 2018-015

Discussion Paper
Modeling the Global Effects of the COVID-19 Sudden Stop in Capital Flows
Queraltó, Albert; Benigno, Gianluca; Akinci, Ozge (2020-05-18)
The COVID-19 outbreak has triggered unusually fast outﬂows of dollar funding from emerging market economies (EMEs). These outflows are known as “sudden stop” episodes, and they are typically followed by economic contractions. In this post, we assess the macroeconomic eﬀects of the COVID-induced sudden stop of capital flows to EMEs, using our open-economy DSGE model. Unlike existing frameworks, such as the Federal Reserve Board’s SIGMA model, our model features both domestic and international ﬁnancial constraints, making it well-suited to capture the eﬀects of an outﬂow of ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20200518

Working Paper
Navigating the Waves of Global Shipping: Drivers and Aggregate Implications
Dunn, Jason; Leibovici, Fernando (2023-02)
This paper studies the drivers of global shipping dynamics and their aggregate implications. We document novel evidence on the dynamics of global shipping supply, demand, and prices. Motivated by this evidence, we set up a multi-country dynamic model of international trade with a global shipping market where shipping companies and importers endogenously determine shipping supply and prices. We find the model can successfully account for the dynamics of global shipping observed in the aftermath of COVID-19 and that accounting for these has important implications for the dynamics of aggregate ...
Working Papers , Paper 2023-002

Working Paper
International Trade and Intertemporal Substitution
Waugh, Michael E.; Leibovici, Fernando (2016-06-01)
This paper quantitatively investigates the extent to which variation in the intertemporal marginal rate of substitution can help account for puzzling features of cyclical fluctuations of international trade volumes. Our insight is that, because international trade is time-intensive, variation in the rate at which agents are willing to substitute across time affects how trade volumes respond to changes in output and prices. We use a standard small open economy model with time-intensive international trade, calibrated to match key features of U.S. data and disciplining the variation in the ...
Working Papers , Paper 2017-4

Working Paper
An Anatomy of U.S. Establishments’ Trade Linkages in Global Value Chains
Flaaen, Aaron; Kamal, Fariha; Lee, Eunhee; Yi, Kei-Mu (2024-12-27)
Global value chains (GVC) are a pervasive feature of modern production, but they are hard to measure. Using U.S. Census microdata, we develop novel measures of the linkages between U.S. manufacturing establishments’ imports and exports. We document three new GVC patterns. First, for every dollar of exports, imported inputs represent 13 cents in 2002 and 20 cents by 2017, substantially higher than what aggregate data suggests. Second, we find strong complementarities between input and output markets reflected in “round-trip” trade linkages where an establishment sources inputs from and ...
Working Papers , Paper 2419

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