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Discussion Paper
Central Banks, Global Shocks, and Local Crises: Lessons from the Atlanta Fed's Response to the 1920–21 Recession
White, Eugene; Roberds, William
(2020-12-18)
During late 1920, the president (then called "governor") and board of directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta were confronted with an unexpected, devastating collapse in the price of a commodity whose global production was concentrated in their district—cotton. Their judgment was that the fall in cotton prices was temporary and that its effects could be lessened with generous credit policies that did not conflict with the Federal Reserve Act. Other officials within the Federal Reserve System did not agree with this judgment, however, leading to a contentious policy debate and an ...
Policy Hub*
, Paper 2020-15
Discussion Paper
Bank Supervisory Goals versus Monetary Policy Implementation
Wall, Larry D.
(2021-03-29)
The global financial crisis of 2007–09 revealed substantial weaknesses in large banks' capital adequacy and liquidity. Bank regulators responded with a variety of prudential measures intended to strengthen both. However, these prudential measures resulted in conflicts with the implementation of monetary policy that helped alter the way the Federal Reserve conducts monetary policy. I review three such conflicts: regulation inhibiting interest on excess reserves arbitrage starting in 2008, regulation inhibiting banks' operations in the repo market in 2019, and regulation inhibiting their ...
Policy Hub*
, Paper 2021-03
Discussion Paper
Bank Supervisory Goals versus Monetary Policy Implementation
Wall, Larry D.
(2021-03-29)
The global financial crisis of 2007–09 revealed substantial weaknesses in large banks' capital adequacy and liquidity. Bank regulators responded with a variety of prudential measures intended to strengthen both. However, these prudential measures resulted in conflicts with the implementation of monetary policy that helped alter the way the Federal Reserve conducts monetary policy. I review three such conflicts: regulation inhibiting interest on excess reserves arbitrage starting in 2008, regulation inhibiting banks' operations in the repo market in 2019, and regulation inhibiting their ...
Policy Hub*
, Paper 2021-03
Discussion Paper
Bank Supervisory Goals versus Monetary Policy Implementation
Wall, Larry D.
(2021-03-29)
The global financial crisis of 2007–09 revealed substantial weaknesses in large banks’capital adequacy and liquidity. Bank regulators responded with a variety of prudentialmeasures intended to strengthen both. However, these prudential measures resultedin conflicts with the implementation of monetary policy that helped alter the way theFederal Reserve conducts monetary policy. I review three such conflicts: regulationinhibiting interest on excess reserves arbitrage starting in 2008, regulation inhibiting banks’operations in the repo market in 2019, and regulation inhibiting their ...
Policy Hub*
, Paper 2021-03
Journal Article
The Term Structure of the Excess Bond Premium: Measures and Implications
Wei, Bin; Zakrajšek, Egon; Gilchrist, Simon; Yue, Vivian Z.
(2021-09-24)
In this article, we construct daily aggregate as well as short-, medium-, and long-term "excess bond premium" (EBP) measures using a widely available corporate bond database (known as "TRACE"). The novel EBP measures we construct provide an important gauge of strains in the financial sector at different horizons. We find that the short-term EBP measure increased more dramatically at the peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2007–09 global financial crisis, but the pattern was reversed around the interest rate liftoff at the end of 2015.
Policy Hub
, Volume 2021
, Issue 12
Journal Article
Should the US Issue a Central Bank Digital Currency?
Kupiec, Paul H.
(2022-06-01)
If the web 3.0 requires a public ledger–based payments platform, central bank digital currency (CBDC) is unlikely to provide the digital currency needed to fuel the smart contracts of tomorrow. This payments dilemma can be solved by a hybrid digital currency that includes a new type of bank deposit as well as regulated private stablecoins, both of which clear and settle on a next-generation public ledger created and managed as a joint venture between banks and private stablecoin issuers. With this payments platform under Federal Reserve oversight, there would be no need for the Federal ...
Policy Hub
, Volume 2022
, Issue 6
Journal Article
Should the United States Issue a Central Bank Digital Currency? Lessons from Abroad
Kahn, Charles M.
(2022-06-22)
If the web 3.0 requires a public ledger–based payments platform, central bank digital currency (CBDC) is unlikely to provide the digital currency needed to fuel the smart contracts of tomorrow. This payments dilemma can be solved by a hybrid digital currency that includes a new type of bank deposit as well as regulated private stablecoins, both of which clear and settle on a next-generation public ledger created and managed as a joint venture between banks and private stablecoin issuers. With this payments platform under Federal Reserve oversight, there would be no need for the Federal ...
Policy Hub
, Volume 2022
, Issue 8
Journal Article
How Many Rate Hikes Does Quantitative Tightening Equal?
Wei, Bin
(2022-07-14)
In this article, I examine the question of how to quantify the equivalence between interest rate hikes and quantitative tightening (QT). Using a simple "preferred habit" model I estimate that a $2.2 trillion passive roll-off of nominal Treasury securities from the Federal Reserve's balance sheet over three years is equivalent to an increase of 29 basis points in the current federal funds rate at normal times, but 74 basis points during turbulent periods.
Policy Hub
, Volume 2022
, Issue 11
Journal Article
The Fed and Its Shadow: A Historical View
Roberds, William; Kahn, Charles M.; Quinn, Stephen F.
(2023-10-02)
Central bank policies have always incorporated both a discretionary or active component and a passive component. Successful central banking has required a coordination of the two components. After a period of apparent dormancy, the passive component of monetary policy has emerged from the shadows and become relevant for Federal Reserve policy today.
Policy Hub
, Volume 2023
, Issue 6
, Pages 32
Journal Article
Unstable Coins: The Early History of Central Bank Analog Currencies
Roberds, William
(2022-03-03)
Recently, there has been much discussion as to whether central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) should be introduced, and if so, how they should be designed. This article offers a historical perspective on this discussion, with a survey of early public bank (proto-central bank) "analog currencies"—circulating banknotes. Public banknotes were an experimental product when they were first issued in sixteenth-century Naples, but by the late nineteenth century, such notes could be found in most European countries. In between came all sorts of implementation difficulties: egregious insider fraud, ...
Policy Hub
, Volume 2022
, Issue 2
, Pages 38
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