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Journal Article
Labor Market Dynamics During the 2021-24 Inflation Surge
Blanco, Andrés (2025-06-26)
This paper revisits the common interpretation that the surge in the vacancy-tounemployment ratio during the 2021–24 inflation episode primarily reflected an overheated labor market. Instead, I argue that the increase in vacancies relative to unemployment was largely driven by falling real wages and a rise in job-to-job transitions, as workers sought to recover lost purchasing power, rather than by broad-based labor market overheating.
Policy Hub , Volume 2025 , Issue 3

Journal Article
How Many Rate Hikes Does Quantitative Tightening Equal?
Wei, Bin (2022-07-14)
In this article, I examine the question of how to quantify the equivalence between interest rate hikes and quantitative tightening (QT). Using a simple "preferred habit" model I estimate that a $2.2 trillion passive roll-off of nominal Treasury securities from the Federal Reserve's balance sheet over three years is equivalent to an increase of 29 basis points in the current federal funds rate at normal times, but 74 basis points during turbulent periods.
Policy Hub , Volume 2022 , Issue 11

Working Paper
Affine term structure pricing with bond supply as factors
Hayashi, Fumio (2016-04-01)
This paper presents a theoretical model for analyzing the effect of the maturity structure of government debt on the yield curve. It is an ATSM (affine term structure model) in which the factors for the yield curve include, in addition to the short rate, the government bond supply for each maturity. The supply shock is not restricted to be perfectly correlated across maturities. The effect on the yield curve of a bond supply shock that is local to a maturity is largest at the maturity. This hump-shaped response of the yield curve persists in spite of the absence of preferred-habitat investors.
FRB Atlanta CQER Working Paper , Paper 2016-1

Working Paper
A model of the Twin Ds: optimal default and devaluation
Yue, Vivian Z.; Schmitt-Grohe, Stephanie; Na, Seunghoon; Uribe, Martin (2015-04-01)
This paper characterizes jointly optimal default and exchange-rate policy in a small open economy with limited enforcement of debt contracts and downward nominal wage rigidity. Under optimal policy, default occurs during contractions and is accompanied by large devaluations. The latter inflate away real wages, thereby avoiding massive unemployment. Thus, the Twin Ds phenomenon emerges endogenously as the optimal outcome. In contrast, under fixed exchange rates, optimal default takes place in the context of large involuntary unemployment. Fixed-exchange-rate economies are shown to have ...
FRB Atlanta CQER Working Paper , Paper 2015-1

Working Paper
Forecasts of inflation and interest rates in no-arbitrage affine models
Gospodinov, Nikolay; Wei, Bin (2016-02-01)
In this paper, we examine the forecasting ability of an affine term structure framework that jointly models the markets for Treasuries, inflation-protected securities, inflation derivatives, and oil future prices based on no-arbitrage restrictions across these markets. On the methodological side, we propose a novel way of incorporating information from these markets into an affine model. On the empirical side, two main findings emerge from our analysis. First, incorporating information from inflation options can often produce more accurate inflation forecasts than those based on the Survey of ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2016-3

Working Paper
Optimal Time-Consistent Taxation with Default
Karantounias, Anastasios G. (2017-11-01)
We study optimal time-consistent distortionary taxation when the repayment of government debt is not enforceable. The government taxes labor income or issues noncontingent debt in order to finance an exogenous stream of stochastic government expenditures. The government can repudiate its debt subject to some default costs, thereby introducing some state-contingency to debt. We are motivated by the fact that domestic sovereign default is an empirically relevant phenomenon, as Reinhart and Rogoff (2011) demonstrated. Optimal policy is characterized by two opposing incentives: an incentive to ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2017-12

Working Paper
Limited Household Risk Sharing: General Equilibrium Implications for the Term Structure of Interest Rates
Mitra, Indrajit; Xu, Yu (2020-11-09)
We present a theory in which limited risk sharing of idiosyncratic labor income risk plays a key role in determining the dynamics of interest rates. Our production-based model relates the cross-sectional distribution of labor income risk to observable aggregate labor market variables. Our model makes two key predictions. First, it predicts positive risk premia for long-term bonds while simultaneously matching key macroeconomic moments. Second, it predicts a negative correlation between current labor market conditions (as measured by labor market tightness or the job-finding rate) and future ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2020-20

Working Paper
Sovereign Risk and Financial Risk
Wei, Bin; Zakrajšek, Egon; Gilchrist, Simon; Yue, Vivian Z. (2021-11-24)
In this paper, we study the interplay between sovereign risk and global financial risk. We show that a substantial portion of the comovement among sovereign spreads is accounted for by changes in global financial risk. We construct bond-level sovereign spreads for dollar-denominated bonds issued by more than 50 countries from 1995 to 2020 and use various indicators to measure global financial risk. Through panel regressions and local projection analysis, we find that an increase in global financial risk causes a large and persistent widening of sovereign bond spreads. These effects are ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 27

Working Paper
Quantifying "Quantitative Tightening" (QT): How Many Rate Hikes Is QT Equivalent To?
Wei, Bin (2022-07-15)
How many interest rate hikes is quantitative tightening (QT) equivalent to? In this paper, I examine this question based on the preferred-habitat model in Vayanos and Vila (2021). I define the equivalence between rate hikes and QT such that they both have the same impact on the 10-year yield. Based on the model calibrated to fit the nominal Treasury data between 1999 and 2022, I show that a passive roll-off of $2.2 trillion over three years is equivalent to an increase of 29 basis points in the current federal funds rate at normal times. However, during a crisis period with risk aversion ...
FRB Atlanta Working Paper , Paper 2022-8

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