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Discussion Paper
Political economy of taxation in an overlapping-generations economy
Bassetto, Marco (1999)
This paper builds a simple but complete model of a political system to analyze the effects of intergenerational conflicts on capital and labor income tax rates, transfers, and government spending. I show how the different nature of tax liabilities for the young and the old can explain why the old receive large gross lump-sum transfers through social security, while the young receive little or none. I also show that there is a natural link between the size of the government as a provider of public goods and the magnitude of transfers that the same government will implement.
Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics , Paper 133

Discussion Paper
Macroeconomic implications of investment-specific technological change
Hercowitz, Zvi; Greenwood, Jeremy; Krusell, Per (1992)
A quantitative investigation of investment-specific technological change for the U.S. postwar period is undertaken, analyzing both long-term growth and business cycles within the same framework. The premise is that the introduction of new, more efficient capital goods is an important source of productivity change, and an attempt is made to disentangle its effects from the more traditional Hicks-neutral form of technological progress. The balanced growth path for the model is characterized and calibrated to U.S. National Income and Product Account data. The long- and short-run U.S. data are ...
Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics , Paper 76

Discussion Paper
Federal fiscal constitutions part 1: risk sharing and moral hazard
Tabellini, Guido; Persson, Torsten (1992)
Inspired by the current European developments, we study equilibrium fiscal policy under alternative constitutional arrangements in a federation of countries. There are two levels of government: local and federal. Local policy redistributes across individuals and affects the probability of aggregate shocks, while federal policy shares international risk. Policies are chosen under majority rule. There is a moral hazard problem: federal risk-sharing can induce the local governments to enact policies that increase local risk. We investigate this incentive problem under alternative fiscal ...
Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics , Paper 72

Discussion Paper
Price deflation and real tariff rates: the United States, 1903 to 1940
Crucini, Mario J. (1991)
This paper studies the time series and cross-sectional behavior of tariffs during the prewar period in a manner that recognizes their dual role: as an instrument of commercial policy and as an important source of government revenue. The fact that these objectives may be reinforcing or conflicting has made a critical difference in the choice of tariff rates across commodities and over time. Another interesting feature of prewar tariffs is that most import duties were specific, charging a nominal amount of domestic currency per physical unit imported. Existing historical accounts focus on dates ...
Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics , Paper 42

Discussion Paper
Fiscal policy, specialization, and trade in the two-sector model: the return of Ricardo?
Baxter, Marianne (1991)
This paper develops a two-sector neoclassical model of international trade with endogenous capital accumulation and intertemporal optimization. In contrast to the traditional 2x2x2 model, there is a Ricardian implication that countries specialize according to comparative advantage. Consequently, the theory predicts that government expenditure policies are unlikely to affect the established pattern of specialization and trade, but that changes in tax policies can result in a dramatic reorganization of world production. Further, the dynamic 2x2x2 model can explain many of the salient features ...
Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics , Paper 56

Discussion Paper
The allocation of goods and time over the business cycle
Hercowitz, Zvi; Greenwood, Jeremy (1990)
A Beckerian model of household production is developed to study the allocation of capital and time between market and home activities over the business cycle. The adopted framework treats the business and household sectors symmetrically. In the market, labor interacts with business capital to produce market goods and services, and likewise at home the remaining time, leisure, is combined with household capital to produce home goods and services. The theoretical model presented is parameterized, calibrated, and simulated to see whether it can rationalize the observed allocation of capital and ...
Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics , Paper 26

Discussion Paper
Equilibrium selections
Polemarchakis, Heraklis M.; Allen, Beth; Dutta, Jayasri (1994)
This paper studies the outcome of fully insured random selections among multiple competitive equilibria. This defines an iterative procedure of reallocation which is Pareto improving at each step. The process converges to a unique Pareto optimal allocation in finitely many steps. The key requirement is that random selections be continuous, which is a generic condition for smooth exchange economies with strictly concave utility functions.
Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics , Paper 90

Discussion Paper
Plant level irreversible investment and equilibrium business cycles
Veracierto, Marcelo (1997)
This paper studies a version of the neoclassical growth model where heterogeneous establishments are subject to partial irreversibilities in investment. Under such investment technology, the optimal decision rules of establishments are of the (S,s) variety. A novel contribution of the paper is the analysis of the general equilibrium dynamics arising from aggregate productivity shocks. This is a difficult task given the high dimensionality of the state vector, which includes the distribution of establishments across capital levels and idiosyncratic shocks. The paper overcomes this difficulty ...
Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics , Paper 115

Discussion Paper
Current real business cycle theories and aggregate labor market fluctuations
Eichenbaum, Martin S.; Christiano, Lawrence J. (1990)
In the 1930s, Dunlop and Tarshis observed that the correlation between hours worked and the return to working is close to zero. This observation has become a litmus test by which macroeconomic models are judged. Existing real business cycle models fail this test dramatically. Based on this result, we argue that technology shocks cannot be the sole impulse driving post-war U.S. business cycles. We modify prototypical real business cycle models by allowing government consumption shocks to influence labor market dynamics in a way suggested by Aschauer (1985), Baro (1981, 1987), and Kormendi ...
Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics , Paper 24

Discussion Paper
Electronic money: the end of inflation?
Teles, Pedro; Marimon, Ramon; Nicolini, Juan Pablo (1997)
We study economies where government currency and electronic money, drawn from interest bearing deposits in private financial intermediary institutions, are full substitutes. We analyze the impact of competition on policy outcomes under different assumptions regarding: the objectives of the central bank, the ability of the monetary authorities to commit to future policies, and the legal restrictions in the form of reserve requirements on financial intermediaries. Electronic money competition can discipline a revenue maximizing government and result in lower equilibrium inflation rates, even ...
Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics , Paper 122

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