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Bank Liquidity Provision across the Firm Size Distribution
Chodorow-Reich, Gabriel; Darmouni, Olivier M.; Luck, Stephan; Plosser, Matthew (2020-10-01)
Using loan-level data covering two-thirds of all corporate loans from U.S. banks, we document that SMEs (i) obtain much shorter maturity credit lines than large ﬁrms; (ii) have less active maturity management and therefore frequently have expiring credit; (iii) post more collateral on both credit lines and term loans; (iv) have higher utilization rates in normal times; and (v) pay higher spreads, even conditional on other ﬁrm characteristics. We present a theory of loan terms that rationalizes these facts as the equilibrium outcome of a trade-off between commitment and discretion. We test ...
Staff Reports , Paper 942

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Labor Market Policies during an Epidemic
Birinci, Serdar; Karahan, Fatih; Mercan, Yusuf; See, Kurt (2020-10-01)
We study the positive and normative implications of labor market policies that counteract the economic fallout from containment measures during an epidemic. We incorporate a standard epidemiological model into an equilibrium search model of the labor market to compare unemployment insurance (UI) expansions and payroll subsidies. In isolation, payroll subsidies that preserve match capital and enable a swift economic recovery are preferred over a cost-equivalent UI expansion. When considered jointly, however, a cost-equivalent optimal mix allocates 20 percent of the budget to payroll subsidies ...
Staff Reports , Paper 943

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How Should Tax Progressivity Respond to Rising Income Inequality?
Heathcote, Jonathan; Storesletten, Kjetil; Violante, Giovanni L. (2020-10-19)
We address this question in a heterogeneous-agent incomplete-markets model featuring exogenous idiosyncratic risk, endogenous skill investment, and flexible labor supply. The tax and transfer schedule is restricted to be log-linear in income, a good description of the US system. Rising inequality is modeled as a combination of skill-biased technical change and growth in residual wage dispersion. When facing shifts in the income distribution like those observed in the US, a utilitarian planner chooses higher progressivity in response to larger residual inequality but lower progressivity in ...
Staff Report , Paper 615

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Estimating Macroeconomic Models of Financial Crises: An Endogenous Regime-Switching Approach
Benigno, Gianluca; Foerster, Andrew T.; Otrok, Christopher; Rebucci, Alessandro (2020-10-01)
We estimate a workhorse dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with an occasionally binding borrowing constraint. First, we propose a new speciﬁcation of the occasionally binding constraint, where the transition between the unconstrained and constrained states is a stochastic function of the leverage level and the constraint multiplier. This speciﬁcation maps into an endogenous regime-switching model. Second, we develop a general perturbation method for the solution of such a model. Third, we estimate the model with Bayesian methods to ﬁt Mexico’s business cycle and ...
Staff Reports , Paper 944

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Trading by Professional Traders: An Experiment
Cipriani, Marco; De Filippis, Roberta; Guarino, Antonio; Kendall, Ryan (2020-08-01)
We examine how professional traders behave in two ﬁnancial market experiments; we contrast professional traders’ behavior to that of undergraduate students, the typical experimental subject pool. In our first experiment, both sets of participants trade an asset over multiple periods after receiving private information about its value. Second, participants play the Guessing Game. Finally, they play a novel, individual-level version of the Guessing Game and we collect data on their cognitive abilities, risk preferences, and conﬁdence levels. We ﬁnd three diﬀerences between traders and ...
Staff Reports , Paper 939

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Latent Heterogeneity in the Marginal Propensity to Consume
Melcangi, Davide; Lewis, Daniel J.; Pilossoph, Laura (2019-11-01)
We estimate the distribution of marginal propensities to consume (MPCs) using a novel clustering approach that generalizes the fuzzy C-means algorithm to regression settings. We apply the estimator to the 2008 stimulus payments, exploiting the randomized timing of disbursements, and find considerable heterogeneity in MPCs that varies by consumption good. We document observable determinants of this heterogeneity, without imposing ex ante assumptions on such relationships; MPCs correlate positively with income and the average propensity to consume, but much heterogeneity remains unexplained. ...
Staff Reports , Paper 902

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Alternative Trading Systems in the Corporate Bond Market
Kozora, Matthew L.; Mizrach, Bruce; Peppe, Matthew; Shachar, Or; Sokobin, Jonathan S. (2020-08-01)
We investigate the trading of corporate bonds on alternative trading system (ATS) platforms. We draw a key distinction between request-for-quote (RFQ) and electronic communication network (ECN) trading protocols, which balance investors’ preference for immediacy and anonymity. Trades on ATS platforms are smaller and more likely to involve investment-grade bonds. Trades on ATS platforms are more probable for older, less actively traded bonds from smaller issues and for bonds traded by more dealers where inventory is high. Moreover, dealer participation on ATS platforms is associated with ...
Staff Reports , Paper 938

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Pandemic Control in ECON-EPI Networks
Azzimonti-Renzo, Marina; Fogli, Alessandra; Perri, Fabrizio; Ponder, Mark (2020-08-19)
We develop an ECON-EPI network model to evaluate policies designed to improve health and economic outcomes during a pandemic. Relative to the standard epidemiological SIR set-up, we explicitly model social contacts among individuals and allow for heterogeneity in their number and stability. In addition, we embed the network in a structural economic model describing how contacts generate economic activity. We calibrate it to the New York metro area during the 2020 COVID-19 crisis and show three main results. First, the ECON-EPI network implies patterns of infections that better match the data ...
Staff Report , Paper 609

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Conference on capital flows, international financial markets and financial crises
Ramanarayanan, Ananth (2009)
On Nov. 13?14, 2009, the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas and the Bank of Canada cosponsored a conference on capital flows, international financial markets and financial crises. The purpose of the conference was to bring together researchers working on various aspects of financial markets and financial crises. Many of the papers presented at the conference addressed one of two broad questions. The first is, how integrated are international financial markets and how effective are they at sharing resources and risk? Second, what are the channels through which financial markets?and their ...
Annual Report, Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute

Report
Nationally, Housing Recovery Finally Gains Traction
Duca, John V. (2013)
U.S. housing markets experienced a notable boom and a painful bust during the past decade. Most recently, housing began its long-awaited recovery?the subject of the Dallas Fed?s 2013 Annual Report. In three essays, widely recognized housing expert and associate director of research John Duca shares insights on the national and regional markets and the outlook for housing.
Annual Report

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