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Content Type:Discussion Paper 

Discussion Paper
Economic distress and resurgence in U.S. central cities: concepts, causes, and policy levers

This paper provides a review of the literature on U.S. central city growth and distress during the second half of the twentieth century. It finds that city growth tended to be higher in metropolitan areas with favorable weather, higher growth, and greater human capital, while distress was strongly correlated with city-level manufacturing legacy. The article affirms that distress has been highly persistent, but that some cities have achieved resurgence through a combination of strong leadership, collaboration across sectors and institutions, clear and broad-based strategies, and significant ...
Public Policy Discussion Paper , Paper 13-3

Discussion Paper
An Overview of Credit-Building Products

Credit-building products are secured small-dollar products that allow consumers to either establish or improve their credit scores by having lenders report their payment activity to credit bureaus. Examples include secured credit cards or loan products such as credit-builder and passbook loans.
FEDS Notes , Paper 2024-12-06-2

Discussion Paper
Minimum weighted residual methods for solving aggregate growth models

Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics , Paper 49

Discussion Paper
Household Services Expenditures: An Update

This post updates and extends my July 2011 blog piece on household discretionary services expenditures. I examine the most recent data to see what they reveal about the depth of decline in expenditures in the last recession and the extent of the recovery, and find that the expenditures appear to be further below the peak identified earlier. I then compare the pace of recovery for discretionary and nondiscretionary services in this expansion with that of previous expansions, finding that the pace in both cases is well below that of previous cycles. In summary, household spending continues to ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20121126

Discussion Paper
Pricing financial claims: a theory of option pricing and its use in analyzing the comparative statics of optimal capital structure

Research Papers in Banking and Financial Economics , Paper 39

Discussion Paper
Why is the Default Rate So Low? How Economic Conditions and Public Policies Have Shaped Mortgage and Auto Delinquencies During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Delinquencies and defaults on household debt typically closely follow the business cycle. As economic conditions deteriorate, falling employment and incomes put a strain on family finances, leading to a rise in missed debt payments and defaults. Yet, against the backdrop of a historic rise in unemployment associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, delinquencies have fallen. This FEDS Note documents trends in delinquency on mortgages and auto loans during the COVID-19 pandemic, and unpacks how changes in economic conditions and public policies have been associated with borrowers’ debt repayment ...
FEDS Notes , Paper 2021-03-04-2

Discussion Paper
The Branch Puzzle : Why Are there Still Bank Branches?

We provide evidence that the persistence of the large number of local bank branches across the country may be due to the fact that both depositors and small businesses continue to value local bank branches.
FEDS Notes , Paper 2018-08-20

Discussion Paper
How Do Trade Disruptions Affect Inflation?

To quantify the effects of trade disruptions on inflation, we construct a measure of bilateral trade costs for a panel of 41 countries using annual data from 1995 through 2020. We then estimate an empirical model linking changes in trade costs to inflation.
FEDS Notes , Paper 2025-02-28-1

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