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Working Paper
Prudential Policies and Their Impact on Credit in the United States
Lee, Seung Jung; Calem, Paul S.; Correa, Ricardo
(2016-12-13)
We analyze how two types of recently used prudential policies affected the supply of credit in the United States. First, we test whether the U.S. bank stress tests had any impact on the supply of mortgage credit. We find that the first Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) stress test in 2011 had a negative effect on the share of jumbo mortgage originations and approval rates at stress-tested banks?banks with worse capital positions were impacted more negatively. Second, we analyze the impact of the 2013 Supervisory Guidance on Leveraged Lending and subsequent 2014 FAQ notice, ...
International Finance Discussion Papers
, Paper 1186
Working Paper
Cross-border bank acquisitions: Is there a performance effect?
Correa, Ricardo
(2008)
This paper uses a unique database that includes deal and bank balance sheet information for 220 cross-border acquisitions between 1994 and 2003 to analyze the characteristics and performance effects of international takeovers on target banks. A discrete choice estimation shows that banks are more likely to get acquired in a cross-border deal if they are large, bad performers, in a small country, and when the banking sector is concentrated. Post-acquisition performance for target banks does not improve in the first two years relative to domestically-owned financial institutions. This result is ...
International Finance Discussion Papers
, Paper 922
Working Paper
Debt Overhang and the Retail Apocalypse
Liebersohn, Jack; Correa, Ricardo; Sicilian, Martin
(2022-08)
Debt overhang is central for theories of capital structure, yet credible empirical estimates of its effects remain elusive. We study the consequences and mechanisms of debt overhang using exogenous changes in the leverage of commercial retail properties. Identification comes from changes in property values occurring after pre-determined debt rollover dates. We show that debt reduces profitability by impairing property owners' response to negative shocks, reducing the business activity of their remaining retail tenants. For the median property, a 10 percentage point leverage increase causes ...
International Finance Discussion Papers
, Paper 1356
Report
Bank Complexity, Governance, and Risk
Goldberg, Linda S.; Correa, Ricardo
(2020-06-01)
Bank holding companies (BHCs) can be complex organizations, conducting multiple lines of business through many distinct legal entities and across a range of geographies. While such complexity raises the costs of bank resolution when organizations fail, the effect of complexity on BHCs’ broader risk profiles is less well understood. Business, organizational, and geographic complexity can engender explicit trade-offs between the agency problems that increase risk and the diversification, liquidity management, and synergy improvements that reduce risk. The outcomes of such trade-offs may ...
Staff Reports
, Paper 930
Discussion Paper
Constructing a Dictionary for Financial Stability
Mislang, Nathan; Londono, Juan M.; Garud, Keshav; Correa, Ricardo
(2017-06-28)
In this note, we explain in detail how we made word-level choices in our dictionary. In the note, we also consolidate our lessons from this process into a framework for thinking about dictionary construction.
IFDP Notes
, Paper 2017-06-28
Working Paper
Sentiment in Central Banks' Financial Stability Reports
Correa, Ricardo; Garud, Keshav; Londono, Juan M.; Mislang, Nathan
(2017-03-21)
Using the text of financial stability reports (FSRs) published by central banks, we analyze the relation between the financial cycle and the sentiment conveyed in these official communications. To do so, we construct a dictionary tailored specifically to a financial stability context, which assigns positive and negative connotations based on the sentiment conveyed by words in FSRs. With this dictionary, we construct a financial stability sentiment (FSS) index. Using a panel of 35 countries for the sample period between 2005 and 2015, we find that central banks' FSS indexes are mostly driven ...
International Finance Discussion Papers
, Paper 1203
Working Paper
Bank integration and financial constraints: evidence from U.S. firms
Correa, Ricardo
(2008)
This paper uses data on publicly-traded firms in the U.S. to analyze the effect of interstate bank integration on the financial constraints borrowers face. A firm-level investment equation is estimated in order to test if bank integration reduces the sensitivity of capital expenditures to the level of internal funds. The staggered deregulation of cross-state bank acquisitions that took place in the U.S. between 1978 and 1994 helps estimate the model. Integration decreases financing constraints for bank-dependent firms. The change in firms' access to external finance is explained by an ...
International Finance Discussion Papers
, Paper 925
Working Paper
The rising tide lifts some interest rates: climate change, natural disasters, and loan pricing
Correa, Ricardo; He, Ai; Herpfer, Christoph; Lel, Ugur
(2022-06-02)
We investigate how corporate loan costs are affected by climate change-related natural disasters. We construct granular measures of borrowers’ exposure to natural disasters and then disentangle the direct effects of disasters from the effects of lenders updating their beliefs about the impact of future disasters. Following a climate change-related disaster, spreads on loans of at-risk, yet unaffected borrowers, spike and are amplified when attention to climate change is high. Weaker borrowers with the most extreme exposure to these disasters suffer the highest increase in spreads. ...
International Finance Discussion Papers
, Paper 1345
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