Journal Article
Inflation, Part 1: What Is it, Exactly?
Werner, Devin; Garriga, Carlos (2022-06-21)
Inflation measures the rate of change of a price index over time.
Economic Synopses , Issue 15 , Pages 1-3

Journal Article
U.S. States Hit the Hardest by COVID-19 Have Lower Unemployment Risks
Werner, Devin; Hong, Sungki (2020-04-03)
States with relatively more COVID-19 cases tend to have a workforce less likely to face unemployment.
Economic Synopses , Issue 12

Journal Article
Leisure and Hospitality Sector’s Recovery Complicated by Delta Variant
Gascon, Charles S.; Jefferson, Nathan; Werner, Devin (2021-10-04)
Shutdowns early in the pandemic primarily affected the Eighth Federal Reserve District’s leisure and hospitality sector, but its recovery could be complicated by the delta variant.
The Regional Economist

COVID-19 and Unemployment Risk: State and MSA Differences
Werner, Devin; Gascon, Charles S. (2020-04-03)
Which states and MSAs have large shares of workers at high risk of unemployment?
On the Economy

What Are the Fed’s Dollar Swap Lines and FIMA Repos, and Why Do They Matter?
Werner, Devin; Hong, Sungki (2020-10-08)
Making it easier for central banks to access U.S. dollars helps calm exchange rate volatility and allow markets and credit lines to operate smoothly.
On the Economy

Journal Article
Pandemic, Rising Costs Challenge Child Care Industry
Gascon, Charles S.; Werner, Devin (2022-01-13)
As the economy recovers and more parents return to work, declining child care capacity, combined with higher wages, could continue to push up costs.
The Regional Economist

What Are Financial Market Stress Indexes Showing?
Kliesen, Kevin L.; McCracken, Michael W.; Trần, Ngân; Werner, Devin (2022-05-24)
The St. Louis Fed’s financial stress index is diverging from others. The reason appears to be the result of a switch to a new interest rate used to help calculate the index.
On the Economy

The Pandemic Dents College Attendance
Leukhina, Oksana; Werner, Devin (2021-02-22)
COVID-19 caused a sharp drop in college enrollment in the fall of 2020, driven almost entirely by the decline in first-time undergraduates.
On the Economy

Firms Start with Fewer Employees over Last 25 Years
Werner, Devin; Hong, Sungki (2020-09-08)
The average new firm that is less than a year old had 20% fewer workers in 2019 than it did in 1994.
On the Economy

Startups Account for Smaller Share of U.S. Jobs
Werner, Devin; Hong, Sungki (2020-06-23)
Since 1994, startup firms have seen their share of U.S. employment shrink.
On the Economy