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Journal Article
Information and Communications Technology Spending and City Size
Firms in big cities are spending more on information and communications technology than firms in small cities, a likely cause of the growing economic divide between big and small U.S. cities.
Journal Article
Childhood Income Volatility
Rising volatility in family income suggests that government efforts such as the monthly payment of the child tax credit may be appropriate.
Residential Segregation and the Black-White College Gap
Using an economic model, researchers find that racial wage disparities, the amenity externality and racial barriers to moving could help explain the Black-white gap in college attainment.
Journal Article
Child Poverty Rates in the Eighth District and Beyond
Child poverty and income volatility are higher in the Fed’s Eighth District than in the rest of the country, but the 2021 child tax credit could help alleviate these issues.
Tracking Families That Cross the Income Threshold for Food Stamps
Fluctuating incomes can mean families lose and then regain eligibility for food stamps multiple times during a period of years. Could that help explain why some eligible families don’t apply for the benefit?
Journal Article
Income Volatility as a Barrier to Food Stamp Takeup
Families with greater volatility in their incomes had more switches in food stamp eligibility and lower rates of food stamp usage when they were eligible.
Journal Article
Business Dynamism and City Size
Business dynamism has been decreasing since the 1980s, but less so for larger cities.
Do Congested Ports Cause Higher Shipping Costs?
An analysis of changes in the cost to ship to major U.S. ports suggests that rising costs varied more by the country of origin than by the port of entry.
Journal Article
Business Dynamism in the Eighth District
Business dynamism rates in the Federal Reserve’s Eighth District are about 1 percentage point lower than in the rest of the country.
Journal Article
The Effect of COVID-19 Immigration Restrictions on Post-Pandemic Labor Market Tightness
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were unprecedented shortfalls in immigration. Concurrently, as the economy recovered, the labor market became tight, with the number of vacancies per unemployed worker reaching two, more than twice its pre-pandemic average. In this article, we investigate whether these two trends are connected. We find no evidence to support the hypothesis that the immigration shortfalls caused the tight labor market, for two main reasons. First, while the immigration deficit peaked at about two million workers, this number had largely recovered by February 2022, just as ...