Journal Article
Comparing manufacturing export growth across states: what accounts for the differences?
Pollard, Patricia S.; Coughlin, Cletus C. (2001-01)
The expansion of United States manufacturing exports has spread unevenly across states. Cletus C. Coughlin and Patricia S. Pollard use shift-share analysis to account for the difference between a state?s manufacturing export growth and national manufacturing export growth between 1988 and 1998. Three effects are examined. The industry mix effect indicates that a state should have experienced export growth above the national average if its exports were relatively more concentrated in industries whose exports expanded faster than the national average. The destination effect indicates that a ...
Review , Volume 83 , Issue Jan , Pages 25-40

Journal Article
Import prices and the exchange rate
Pollard, Patricia S. (2004-02)
International Economic Trends , Issue Feb

Journal Article
Going down: the Asian crisis and U.S. exports
Pollard, Patricia S.; Coughlin, Cletus C. (1999-03)
The Asian financial and economic crisis has attracted much attention to the trade links among the United States and countries throughout Asia. Until the crisis, U.S. exports to East Asia were growing rapidly. In this article, Patricia S. Pollard and Cletus C. Coughlin examine the abrupt decline in exports and provide estimates of the sizes of the export shock both to the U.S. economy as a whole and to specific sectors. More than half the industries they studied experienced declines in exports to East Asia of more than 15 percent; however, focusing solely on the export data overstates the ...
Review , Issue Mar , Pages 33-46

Journal Article
Trade between the United States and Eastern Europe
Pollard, Patricia S. (1994-07)
Review , Issue Jul , Pages 25-46

Journal Article
The crisis that wasn't: Asia and the Eighth District
Pollard, Patricia S.; Coughlin, Cletus C. (2000-01)
The East Asian financial crisis sent economies world wide reeling. So how did the Eighth District remain relatively unscathed?
The Regional Economist , Issue Jan , Pages 12-13

Working Paper
The effects of aging and myopia on the pay-as-you-go social security systems of the G7
Pecchenino, Rowena A.; Pollard, Patricia S. (1999)
The Social Security systems of the G7 countries were established in an era when populations were young and the number of contributors far outweighed the number of beneficiaries. Now, for each beneficiary there are fewer contributors, and this downward trend is projected to accelerate. To evaluate the prospects for these economies we develop an overlapping generations model in which growth is endogenously fueled by individuals' investments in physical and human capital and by the government's investment in human capital via public education expenditures. We analyze individuals' behavior when ...
Working Papers , Paper 1998-023

Journal Article
U.S. production abroad
Pollard, Patricia S. (2004-06)
National Economic Trends , Issue Jun

Journal Article
Central bank independence and economic performance
Pollard, Patricia S. (1993-07)
Review , Issue Jul , Pages 21-36

Journal Article
The Euro: new currency and new data
Pollard, Patricia S. (1999-05)
International Economic Trends , Issue May

Journal Article
A look inside two central banks: the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve
Pollard, Patricia S. (2003-01)
In 1998 the European Central Bank (ECB) became the world?s 173rd central bank. The Eurosystem, with its structure of national central banks and the ECB, is similar to the Federal Reserve System, with its District Banks and Board of Governors. However, important differences exist in the way the two systems operate. This article compares the organization and tasks of the two central banks by examining differences in their monetary policy frameworks, specifically focusing on the goals, tools, and policymaking process. In addition it examines the independence, accountability, and transparency of ...
Review , Volume 85 , Issue Jan , Pages 11-30