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Report
Adapting, Evolving, Learning
The Federal Reserve is an adapting, evolving, and learning organization. In the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland's 2012 Annual Report, we take a close look at how it has changed since its creation 100 years ago. Our essay describes some of the seminal episodes that have influenced the Federal Reserve as we know it today. Times have changed, economic theories have developed, and the Federal Reserve has adapted to meet new demands. In fact, over the course of its 100 years, the Federal Reserve has proved not only a willingness to change, but also an appetite for embracing and initiating change ...
Report
Price stability: why we seek it and how best to achieve it
Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland President Sandra Pianalto explains why price stability is essential for maximum employment and how the adoption of a numerical target for inflation may improve the central bank?s ability to achieve both objectives. Find the essay, along with Frequently Asked Questions about inflation.
Report
Maximum employment: what we know (and don’t know) about the labor market
Developing issues in the labor market are clouding the outlook for both the unemployment rate and the natural rate of unemployment over the next few years. Both rates at their current levels clearly argue for providing an accommodative monetary policy, as long as inflation remains consistent with the Federal Open Market Committee?s price stability objective. ; During the next few years, I expect that our economy will continue to grow, that unemployment will decline, and that inflation will average about 2 percent. Monetary policy will need to be adjusted in response to incoming data that may ...
Journal Article
A perspective on monetary policy
This Commentary contains an insider?s view of the decisionmaking process followed by the monetary policymakers of the FOMC. In particular, Sandra Pianalto, president and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland and a member of the FOMC, describes her take on the objectives, principles, and economic events that have played a role in the Committee?s decisions since last June, when it made the first of a series of interest rate increases. These remarks were originally made to the Association for Corporate Growth in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on January 18, 2005.
Journal Article
A national voice, a regional view
Sandra Pianalto, president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, discusses the way the Federal Reserve System ensures that different regions of the country are represented in making monetary policy, describes the way our economy is changing, and suggests some ways the nation can meet economic challenges ahead. This Commentary is adapted from her remarks to the City Club of Cleveland on March 5, 2004.
Journal Article
The power of price stability
The economy has been expanding for the past few years, but concerns are growing over the pressures placed on it by fiscal deficits, current account imbalances, and energy shocks. Sandra Pianalto, president and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, explains why she thinks the Federal Reserve can best meet those challenges and promote economic prosperity by maintaining price stability. This Commentary contains the text of her remarks to the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College on April 21, 2005.
Journal Article
Economic conditions and monetary policy
In order to set monetary policy appropriately, policymakers need to assess current economic conditions, understand how the economy got to where it is, and have a good idea of where it is heading. Because economic conditions are always in flux, good communications are important to successful policymaking. Communications can help the public appreciate policymakers? objectives, understand their thinking about the prospects for meeting those objectives, and consider how new information might affect policy choices.
Journal Article
Price stability: issues and challenges
Central banks have done a very impressive job of achieving low and stable rates of inflation in recent years. But despite past successes, they must always be ready to deal with new challenges that might arise. Sandra Pianalto, president and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, discusses some of those challenges and how central banks might best prepare for them (from a speech she gave at a conference sponsored by the Deutsche Bundesbank and the Cleveland Fed in Frankfurt, Germany, on June 6, 2007).
Journal Article
Economic forecasts and monetary policy
Economic forecasts are essential tools for monetary policymakers. But behind the numbers of any given forecast, demand- or supply-side factors could be at play, each requiring very different policy responses. For this reason, explains Sandra Pianalto, the president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, in her role as a policymaker it is as important to think about why an economic forecast calls for the economy to head toward a certain point as it is to know what that forecasted point is. These remarks were originally presented to the Cleveland Association for ...
Journal Article
The nature of economic change
Sandra Pianalto, president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, addressed the Akron Roundtable on November 20, 2003. She discussed the economy and the nature of economic change. This Commentary is adapted from her remarks.