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Report
OLS Limit Theory for Drifting Sequences of Parameters on the Explosive Side of Unity
A limit theory is developed for the least squares estimator for mildly and purely explosive autoregressions under drifting sequences of parameters with autoregressive roots ρn satisfyingρn → ρ ∈ (—∞, —1] ∪ [1, ∞) and n (|ρn| —1) → ∞.Drifting sequences of innovations and initial conditions are also considered. A standard specification of a short memory linear process for the autoregressive innovations is extended to a triangular array formulation both for the deterministic weights and for the primitive innovations of the linear process, which are allowed to be ...
Report
On the Validity of Classical and Bayesian DSGE-Based Inference
This paper studies large sample classical and Bayesian inference in a prototypical linear DSGE model and demonstrates that inference on the structural parameters based on a Gaussian likelihood is unaffected by departures from Gaussianity of the structural shocks. This surprising result is due to a cancellation in the asymptotic variance resulting into a generalized information equality for the block corresponding to the structural parameters. The underlying reason for the cancellation is the certainty equivalence property of the linear rational expectation model.The main implication of this ...
Briefing
Monetary Policy across Space and Time
Many major macroeconomic events have occurred across multiple countries. This Economic Brief looks at similarities and differences among the euro area, the United Kingdom, and the United States and finds that macroeconomic variables tend to become more interconnected during periods of financial distress. Movements in monetary policy are highly correlated across all three regions. In addition, inflation and unemployment become less responsive to monetary policy shocks over time.
Report
Monetary Policy across Inflation Regimes
Does the effect of monetary policy depend on the prevailing level of inflation? In order to answer this question, we construct a parsimonious nonlinear time series model that allows for inflation regimes. We find that the effects of monetary policy are markedly different when year-over-year inflation exceeds 5.5 percent. Below this threshold, changes in monetary policy have a short-lived effect on prices, but no effect on the unemployment rate, giving a potential explanation for the recent “soft landing” in the United States. Above this threshold, the effects of monetary policy surprises ...
Report
Uniform Inference with General Autoregressive Processes
A unified theory of estimation and inference is developed for an autoregressive process with root in (-∞, ∞) that includes the stationary, local-to-unity, explosive and all intermediate regions. The discontinuity of the limit distribution of the t-statistic outside the stationary region and its dependence on the distribution of the innovations in the explosive regions (-∞, -1) ∪ (1, ∞) are addressed simultaneously. A novel estimation procedure, based on a data-driven combination of a near-stationary and a mildly explosive artificially constructed instrument, delivers mixed-Gaussian ...
Report
Component-Based Dynamic Factor Nowcast Model
In this paper, we propose a component-based dynamic factor model for nowcasting GDP growth. We combine ideas from “bottom-up” approaches, which utilize the national income accounting identity through modelling and predicting sub-components of GDP, with a dynamic factor (DF) model, which is suitable for dimension reduction as well as parsimonious real-time monitoring of the economy. The advantages of the new model are twofold: (i) in contrast to existing dynamic factor models, it respects the GDP accounting identity; (ii) in contrast to existing “bottom-up” approaches, it models all ...
Working Paper
Monetary Policy across Space and Time
In this paper we ask two questions: (i) is the conduct of monetary policy stable across time and similar across major economies, and (ii) do policy decisions of major central banks have international spillover effects. To address these questions, we build on recent semi-parametric advances in time-varying parameter models that allow us to increase the VAR dimension and to jointly model three advanced economies (US, UK, and the Euro Area). In order to study policy spillovers, we jointly identify three economy-specific monetary policy shocks using a combination of sign and magnitude ...