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Discussion Paper
Firms' Employment and Wage Outlook Going Into 2025
Every November, the Richmond Fed asks businesses a series of questions about their expectations for hiring, wage adjustments, and other employment-related topics. This year, in addition to the usual set of questions, we asked firms if they have reduced the size of their workforce over the past three months and what workforce decisions they would make if business conditions deteriorated in the next six months.Consistent with past results, most responding businesses expect to maintain or increase employee headcount over the next 12 months. However, there were some shifts in responses compared ...
Journal Article
State and Metropolitan Area Data, Q4:17
Discussion Paper
Eyes on the Roads (and Bridges) in the Fifth District
Discussion Paper
How Does USDA Funding Flow into the Fifth District?
Federal funding for economic and community development in rural communities is distributed across over 400 programs. But one agency is technically charged with directing rural policy: the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). In a fragmented federal funding landscape, USDA Rural Development (RD) is the largest source of federal funding for rural economic and community development. To understand how changes to USDA funding might flow through to national and Fifth District communities, it's important to understand where money has gone in the past. How much money are we talking about when we talk ...
Discussion Paper
April Update: The Coronavirus and Firms in the Fifth Dis
Over the past several weeks, social distancing and shutdowns have impacted our economy. Fifth District firms continued to tell us how COVID-19 has affected their business operations in recent surveys.
Journal Article
District Digest: What's Driving Rural Population Growth?
Population decline is a familiar story for many rural areas and small towns: Children grow up and leave for college or move to a larger city with more job opportunities. With fewer working-age adults left, some rural employers might leave as well, and new businesses may be reluctant to move in. This self-reinforcing cycle of population decline can continue for decades.In the Fifth District, counties that are today considered small towns or rural are more likely than urban counties to have been shedding population for three or more of the decades between 1970 and 2020. In contrast, about 63 ...
Discussion Paper
How Many Businesses in the Fifth District are Minority-Owned?
Discussion Paper
Regional Job Openings and Quits Rates Jolt to New Highs