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Ethical Use of Data with FRED
What are the ethical considerations for researchers who use data? This data primer describes standards for gathering, analyzing, storing, and distributing data for new data users and serves as a reference for advanced data users.
Newsletter
Temporary Open Market Operations and Large-Scale Asset Purchases
The Federal Reserve employs both conventional and unconventional monetary policy tools to promote maximum employment and price stability. This special Summer 2020 issue of Page One Economics reviews the monetary policy framework under ample reserves and then describes the use of temporary open market operations and large-scale asset purchase programs to promote the stability of the financial system that facilitates access to credit for households and business.
Working Paper
Prior Knowledge, Module Design, and Student Dropout in Online K-12 Education
We examine student dropout in online K-12 education coursework using administrative data for 442,000 students, 64 economics and personal finance modules, and 2.1 million module assignments between 2014 and 2025. We find that module length, prior knowledge, embedded formative assessments, and school district demographics independently predict whether students complete assigned modules. Each additional page is associated with a 0.24-percentage-point decrease in completion probability, but this relationship is 30 percent weaker for students with above-median prior knowledge. Embedded knowledge ...
Newsletter
Data Revisions with FRED®
This Page One Economics Data Primer describes the reasons data are revised and updated. More accurate data facilitate better decisionmaking.Learn how FRED aggregates the latest data and ALFRED captures previous versions of the data.
Newsletter
Data Releases with FRED
Learn how economic statistics are assembled and made accessible in FRED.
As Renewable Energy Grows, So Does Spare Capacity in Electricity Generation
The expansion of weather-dependent renewable energy sources like solar and wind may help explain the growing excess capacity in U.S. electricity production.
Newsletter
Data Geographies with FRED
FRED can display data in choropleth maps, using shading and colors to convey historical and current data for a given area. This Page One Economics Data Primer describes the different data geographies available in FRED, which help shape the stories behind the numbers.
Newsletter
Adjusting for Inflation
As inflation raises the overall price level in an economy, the purchasing power of the dollar decreases and both borrowing and lending costs increase. The January 2023 issue of Page One Economics discusses how price indexes can be used to transform nominal wages and interest rates into real, or inflation-adjusted, values.
Journal Article
How Recessions Have Affected Household Net Worth, 1990-2017: Uneven Experiences by Wealth Quantile
The asset composition of wealth can explain the uneven impact of recessions on household net worth.
Newsletter
Consumer Spending and the COVID-19 Pandemic
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic changed consumer spending habits. The January 2021 issue of Page One Economics reviews how people substituted meals purchased at restaurants with meals cooked at home. Also, people traveled less and the demand for hotel services decreased. As a result, both employment and prices declined in the leisure and hospitality industry.