Journal Article
The computer evolution
Valletta, Robert G.; MacDonald, Geoffrey (2004)
In this Economic Letter, we use data from five special surveys, covering the period 1984-2001, to examine two key aspects of the computer evolution: the spread of PCs at work and the evolving wage differentials between individuals who use them and those who do not. Although the spread of computers has been relatively uniform across labor force groups, the wage returns associated with computers tilted sharply in favor of the highly educated at the end of our sample frame. This finding appears consistent with the increase in trend productivity growth that occurred around the same time.
FRBSF Economic Letter

Journal Article
Is there a digital divide?
Valletta, Robert G.; MacDonald, Geoffrey (2003)
FRBSF Economic Letter