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Author:Hacioglu Hoke, Sinem 

Discussion Paper
Supply vs Demand Factors Influencing Prices of Manufactured Goods

The strong surge and rapid retreat of U.S. goods price inflation during 2021-2023 has occupied the forefront of economic policy discussions, and debate on the primary causes continues. Some commentators point to widespread supply bottlenecks and adverse geo-political events that caused significant disruption to the production and availability of manufactured goods.
FEDS Notes , Paper 2024-02-23-1

Discussion Paper
Tracking consumer sentiment versus how consumers are doing based on verified retail purchases

Despite low unemployment, moderating inflation and anchored inflation expectations, and rising incomes since mid-2022, surveys at the end of 2024 continued to report that consumer sentiment remained unusually low, below levels at the onset of the pandemic and on par with levels during the Great Financial Crisis. Why was there this discrepancy between consumer sentiment and the real economy?
FEDS Notes , Paper 2025-04-24-2

Working Paper
Lost in Aggregation: Geographic Mismeasurement of Income and Spending

Using zip-code median income as a proxy for household income is common in economics but can mask heterogeneity and yield misleading conclusions. Using zip-code median income and self-reported household incomes from a representative panel of 150,000 U.S. households, we decompose average retail spending for 2018-2024. When using self-reported incomes, we observe substantial divergence in spending between low- and high-income households starting in mid-2021. When using zip-code aggregates as a proxy, this divergence disappears. Our findings indicate a 35 to 75 percent discrepancy between ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series , Paper 2025-050

Discussion Paper
How Were Extra SNAP Benefits Spent?

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly known as the Food Stamp Program, is designed to support low-income U.S. households by providing monthly funds for their grocery spending. As of April 2024, more than 41 million Americans were SNAP recipients, which makes SNAP one of the largest aid programs in the U.S.
FEDS Notes , Paper 2025-03-03-1

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