Journal Article
Educational Attainment of Immigrants at the National and Eighth District Levels
Grittayaphong, Praew; Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu (2020-12-22)
What role does the foreign-born population play in the economy? Educational attainment and earnings data shed light on potential contributions.
The Regional Economist , Volume 28 , Issue 4

Journal Article
Commercial Loans Rise Sharply during COVID-19 Pandemic
Grittayaphong, Praew; Jefferson, Nathan; Gascon, Charles S. (2021-06-24)
During the first several months of the COVID-19 pandemic, commercial lending increased as small businesses sought loans from the Paycheck Protection Program.
The Regional Economist

Journal Article
What Is Driving Unauthorized Immigration to the U.S.?
Grittayaphong, Praew; Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu (2021-11-17)
Unauthorized immigration to the U.S. has risen and fallen over time. What factors are behind a recent increase in southwestern border crossings?
The Regional Economist

Journal Article
Immigrant Employment Patterns during the Pandemic
Grittayaphong, Praew; Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu (2022-05-11)
Immigrant employment in the U.S. appears to be returning to pre-COVID-19 levels following a disproportionally sharp decline early in the pandemic.
The Regional Economist

Journal Article
COVID-19: Fiscal Implications and Financial Stability in Developing Countries
Restrepo-Echavarria, Paulina; Grittayaphong, Praew (2023-07-14)
The COVID-19 pandemic has been unlike any other crisis that we have experienced in that it hit all economies in the world at the same time, compromising the risk-sharing ability of nations. At the onset of the pandemic, the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) jointly pledged 1.16 trillion U.S. dollars to help emerging economies deal with COVID-19. Would this amount have been enough to preserve financial stability in a worst case scenario, and what were the fiscal implications of the pandemic? In this article we aim to answer these questions by documenting the size of the ...
Review , Volume 105 , Issue 3 , Pages 137-149

Working Paper
COVID-19: fiscal implications and financial stability in developing countries
Restrepo-Echavarria, Paulina; Grittayaphong, Praew (2022-09-22)
The COVID-19 pandemic is unlike any other crisis that we have experienced in that it hit all economies in the world at the same time, compromising the risk sharing ability of nations. At the onset of the pandemic, the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) jointly pledged 1.16 trillion dollars to help emerging economies deal with COVID-19. Would this amount have been enough to preserve financial stability in a worst case scenario? What were the fiscal implications of the pandemic? In this paper we aim to answer these questions by documenting the size of the fiscal measures ...
Working Papers , Paper 2022-028

STEM Skills among Foreign-born Workers in the U.S.
Grittayaphong, Praew; Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu (2020-12-10)
Census data show that college-educated foreign-born workers have a relatively larger presence in STEM occupations than those born in the U.S.
On the Economy

COVID-19 and Unauthorized Immigration at the Southwest Border
Grittayaphong, Praew; Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu (2021-01-14)
A drop in U.S. enforcement encounters in the spring suggested the pandemic temporarily slowed unauthorized entry attempts, but such encounters have risen in recent months.
On the Economy

Dollar-Denominated Public Debt in Asia and Latin America
Restrepo-Echavarria, Paulina; Grittayaphong, Praew (2021-08-03)
Some countries have high levels of dollar-denominated public debt, which could create a risk for them if U.S. interest rates increase.
On the Economy

A Look at Recent Refugee Admissions into the U.S. amid COVID-19 Disruptions
Grittayaphong, Praew; Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu (2021-12-16)
The ceiling on the number of refugees eligible to enter the country was sharply increased in fiscal year 2021. Yet COVID-19 hindered their entry.
On the Economy