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Journal Article
Risk, regulation, and bank holding company expansion into nonbanking
When banking institutions can expand into other lines of business, some think they will diversify to reduce their total risk. Others think just the opposite. In this article, John H. Boyd and Stanley L. Graham explain the reasoning behind these two views and then test to see which one best describes the behavior of U.S. bank holding companies since 1970. They find that in 1971-77, when these companies were relatively free to invest in some new lines of business, diversification was associated with greater risk of failure. But in 1977-83, when the companies were more tightly regulated, that ...
Journal Article
Limited branching in Minnesota: its impact on banking consumers
Journal Article
A case for branch banking in Montana
Working Paper
The case for branch banking in Montana
Journal Article
Is the Fed's seasonal borrowing privilege justified?