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Journal Article
Beyond the border : Latin American central banking
Working Paper
Does the choice of nominal anchor matter?
Working Paper
The impact of monetary policy on exchange rates during financial crises
This paper addresses the impact of monetary policy on exchange rates during financial crises. Some observers have argued that a tightening of monetary policy is necessary to stabilize the exchange rate, restore confidence, and lay the groundwork for an eventual recovery of economic activity. Others have argued that by raising interest rates (which reduces the ability of borrowers to repay loans and thereby weakens the banking system), tightening may further reduce investor confidence and lead to further weakening--not strengthening--of domestic currencies. ; This debate, which became highly ...
Journal Article
Income taxes as reciprocal tariffs
This article shows the equivalence between tariffs on international trade and income taxation. Traditionally, income taxes have been seen as lowering society's output through the household's labor-leisure trade-off. Income taxes also reduce the degree to which individuals specialize in market activity, which is similar to the way countries respond to tariffs in international trade. Income taxes discourage individuals from specializing in activities that reflect their comparative advantage. In so doing, income taxes may have their most distorting effects, not by encouraging individuals to ...
Journal Article
Free trade agreements and the credibility of trade reforms
David M. Gould argues that free trade agreements can help developing countries establish the credibility essential to successful trade reform. Credibility, he explains, is necessary if trade reform policies are to entice investment into the economic sectors where the liberalizing country has its greatest comparative advantage. As Gould explains, a free trade agreement enhances the credibility of trade reform policies by providing evidence of a government's long-term commitment to free trade and by discouraging protectionist policies in foreign markets. Gould concludes with an outlook for ...