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Price formation and liquidity in the U.S. treasuries market: evidence from intraday patterns around announcements
Remolona, Eli M.; Fleming, Michael J. (1996)
We find striking intraday adjustment patterns for price volatility, trading volume, and bid-ask spreads in the U.S. Treasuries market around the time of macroeconomic announcements. The patterns suggest certain hypotheses about price formation and liquidity provision in multiple-dealer markets. These hypotheses assign new importance to public information, heterogeneous views, sluggish price discovery, traditional inventory-control behavior by market makers, and liquidity traders who react with a lag to price changes.
Research Paper , Paper 9633

Journal Article
The microstructure of the TIPS market
Krishnan, Neel; Fleming, Michael J. (2012-03)
The potential advantages from the introduction of Treasury inflation-protected securities (TIPS) in 1997 have not been fully realized, mainly because TIPS are less liquid than nominal Treasury securities. The lack of liquidity is thought to adversely affect TIPS prices relative to prices of nominal securities, offsetting the benefits that come from TIPS having no inflation risk. Despite the importance of TIPS liquidity and the market?s large size, there is virtually no quantitative evidence on the securities? liquidity. This article sheds light on this phenomenon using novel tick data from ...
Economic Policy Review , Volume 18 , Issue Mar , Pages 27-45

Discussion Paper
Treasury Market Liquidity and the Federal Reserve during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Fleming, Michael J. (2020-05-29)
Many of the actions taken by the Federal Reserve during the COVID-19 pandemic are intended to address a deterioration of market functioning. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announced purchases of Treasury securities and agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS), in particular, “to support the smooth functioning of markets” in those securities. Last month, we showed in this post how one metric of functioning for the Treasury market, market illiquidity, jumped to unusually high levels in March amid massive uncertainty about the economic effects of the pandemic. In this post, we ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20200529a

Discussion Paper
Unlocking the Treasury Market through TRACE
Dobrev, Dobrislav; De Pooter, Michiel; Fleming, Michael J.; Johansson, Peter; Puglia, Michael; Jones, Collin; Keane, Frank M.; Brain, Doug; Reiderman, Liza; Rodrigues, Anthony P.; Shachar, Or (2018-09-28)
The U.S. Treasury market is widely regarded as the deepest and most liquid securities market in the world, playing a critical role in the global economy and in the Federal Reserve’s implementation of monetary policy. Despite the Treasury market’s importance, the official sector has historically had limited access to information on cash market transactions. This data gap was most acutely demonstrated in the investigation of the October 15, 2014, flash event in the Treasury market, as highlighted in the Joint Staff Report (JSR). Following the JSR, steps were taken to improve regulators’ ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20180928b

Discussion Paper
Characterizing the Rising Settlement Fails in Seasoned Treasury Securities
Keane, Frank M.; Fleming, Michael J. (2016-01-04)
In a 2014 post, we described what settlement fails are, why they arise and matter, and how they can be measured. A subsequent post explored the determinants of the increased volume of U.S. Treasury security settlement fails in June 2014. Part of that episode reflected a steady increase in settlement fails of seasoned securities. In this post, we explore the characteristics of seasoned fails in recent years, in order to better understand the risks associated with such fails.
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20160104

Discussion Paper
The Failure Resolution of Lehman Brothers
Sarkar, Asani; Fleming, Michael J. (2014-04-03)
The bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers and its 209 registered subsidiaries was one of the largest and most complex in history, with more than $1 trillion of creditor claims in the United States alone, four bodies of applicable U.S. laws, and insolvency proceedings that involved over eighty international legal jurisdictions. The experience of resolving Lehman has led to an active debate regarding the effectiveness of applying the U.S. Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Code to complex financial institutions. In this post, we draw on our Economic Policy Review article to highlight the challenges of resolving ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20140403

Discussion Paper
What if? A Counterfactual SOMA Portfolio
Long, Grant; Fleming, Michael J.; Remache, Julie; Leonard, Deborah (2013-08-14)
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) has actively used changes in the size and composition of the System Open Market Account (SOMA) portfolio to implement monetary policy in recent years. These actions have been intended to promote the Committee?s mandate to foster maximum employment and price stability but, as discussed in a prior post, have also generated high levels of portfolio income, contributing in turn to elevated remittances to the U.S. Treasury. In the future, as the accommodative stance of monetary policy is eventually normalized, net portfolio income is likely to decline from ...
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20130814b

Discussion Paper
Dealer Participation in the TSLF Options Program
Hrung, Warren B.; Fleming, Michael J.; Sarkar, Asani; Denison, Erin (2019-03-06)
Our previous post described the workings of the Term Securities Lending Facility Options Program (TOP), which offered dealers options for obtaining short-term loans over month- and quarter-end dates during the global financial crisis of 2007-08. In this follow-up post, we examine dealer participation in the TOP, including the extent to which dealers bid for options, at what fees, and whether they exercised their options. We also provide evidence on how uncertainty in dealers’ funding positions was related to the demand for the liquidity options.
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20190306a

Journal Article
What moves the bond market?
Remolona, Eli M.; Fleming, Michael J. (1997-12)
In an examination of the U.S. Treasury securities market, the authors attempt to explain the sharpest price changes and most active trading episodes. They find that each of the twenty-five largest price shocks and twenty-five greatest trading surges can be attributed to just-released macroeconomic announcements. They also measure the market's average reactions to theses announcements and analyze the extent to which the reactions depend on the degree of announcement surprise and on prevailing market conditions. The market's price and trading reactions are found to reflect differences of ...
Economic Policy Review , Volume 3 , Issue Dec , Pages 31-50

Discussion Paper
The Recent Bond Market Selloff in Historical Perspective
Adrian, Tobias; Fleming, Michael J. (2013-08-05)
Long-term Treasury yields have risen sharply in recent months. The yield on the most recently issued ten-year note, for example, rose from 1.63 percent on May 2 to 2.74 percent on July 5, reaching its highest level since July 2011. Increasing yields result in realized or mark-to-market losses for fixed-income investors. In this post, we put these losses in historical perspective and investigate whether the yield changes are better explained by expectations of higher short-term rates in the future or by investors demanding greater compensation for holding long-term Treasuries.
Liberty Street Economics , Paper 20130805

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