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Working Paper
Tax Policy Endogeneity: Evidence from R&D Tax Credits
Chang, Andrew C.
(2014-11-21)
Because policymakers may consider the state of the economy when setting taxes, endogeneity bias can arise in regression models that estimate relationships between economic variables and taxes. This paper quantifies the policy endogeneity bias and estimates the impact of R&D tax incentives on R&D expenditures at the U.S. state level. Identifying tax variation comes from changes in federal corporate tax laws that heterogeneously impact state-level R&D tax incentives due to the simultaneity of state and federal corporate taxes. With this exogenous variation, my preferred estimates indicate a 1 ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2014-101
Working Paper
Is Economics Research Replicable? Sixty Published Papers from Thirteen Journals Say \"Usually Not\"
Li, Phillip; Chang, Andrew C.
(2015-09-04)
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2015-83
Working Paper
Politicians Avoid Tax Increases Around Elections
Chang, Andrew C.; Cohen, Linda R.; Glazer, Amihai; Paul, Urbashee
(2021-01-29)
We use new annual data on gasoline taxes and corporate income taxes from U.S. states to analyze whether politicians avoid tax increases in election years. These data contain 3 useful attributes: (1) when state politicians enact tax laws, (2) when state politicians implement tax laws on consumers and firms, and (3) the size of tax changes. Using a pre-analysis research plan that includes regressions of tax rate changes and tax enactment years on time-to-gubernatorial election year indicators, we find that elections decrease the probability of politicians enacting increases in taxes and reduce ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2021-004
Working Paper
Comparing Cross-Country Estimates of Lorenz Curves Using a Dirichlet Distribution Across Estimators and Datasets
Chang, Andrew C.; Li, Phillip; Martin, Shawn M.
(2017-06)
Chotikapanich and Griffiths (2002) introduced the Dirichlet distribution to the estimation of Lorenz curves. This distribution naturally accommodates the proportional nature of income share data and the dependence structure between the shares. Chotikapanich and Griffiths (2002) fit a family of five Lorenz curves to one year of Swedish and Brazilian income share data using unconstrained maximum likelihood and unconstrained non-linear least squares. We attempt to replicate the authors' results and extend their analyses using both constrained estimation techniques and five additional years of ...
Finance and Economics Discussion Series
, Paper 2017-062
Discussion Paper
Disparities in Wealth by Race and Ethnicity in the 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances
Bhutta, Neil; Chang, Andrew C.; Dettling, Lisa J.; Hsu, Joanne W.
(2020-09-28)
New data from the 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) show that long-standing and substantial wealth disparities between families in different racial and ethnic groups were little changed since the last survey in 2016; the typical White family has eight times the wealth of the typical Black family and five times the wealth of the typical Hispanic family.
FEDS Notes
, Paper 2020-09-28-2
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