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Journal Article
Canadian Oil Important for Midwest Gasoline Prices
U.S. imports of Canadian oil—a heavy sour crude—have doubled over the past two decades. Most of this oil is sent to Midwest refineries that specialize in processing heavy sour crude. These refineries have limited flexibility to substitute other types of crude without incurring the cost of switching equipment. As a result, higher prices for Canadian crude, including from tariffs, could lead Midwest consumers to pay higher prices on refined petroleum products such as gasoline, holding other factors constant.
Journal Article
Catching Up or Falling Behind? The Pace of Income Convergence in Rural and Urban America
Slowing rates of income convergence suggest the relative gap between average rural and urban income could persist.