Briefing

Five Decades of Decline: U.S. Construction Sector Productivity

Abstract: Construction labor productivity fell by more than 30 percent from 1970 to 2020, while overall U.S. economic productivity doubled over the same period. Despite potential biases in price deflators, multiple studies confirm that the productivity decline is real, with physical measures like housing units per worker showing similar stagnation. Increasing land-use regulations may be a plausible cause for the decline, as more strict land-use regulations disincentivize construction companies from pursuing larger projects, keeping them relatively small. In addition, this reduces incentives for technological innovation and economies of scale.

Bibliographic Information

Provider: Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond

Part of Series: Richmond Fed Economic Brief

Publication Date: 2025-08-13

Volume: 25

Issue: 31