Working Paper

Trade Liberalization versus Protectionism: Dynamic Welfare Asymmetries

Abstract: We investigate whether the losses from an increase in trade costs (protectionism) are equal to the gains from a symmetric decrease in trade costs (liberalization). We incorporate dynamics through capital accumulation into a standard Armington trade model and show that the welfare changes are asymmetric: Losses from protectionism are smaller than the gains from liberalization. In contrast, standard static trade models imply that the losses equal the gains. The intuition for asymmetry in our model is that, following protectionism, the economy can coast off of previously accumulated capital stock, so higher trade costs do not imply large losses immediately. We develop an accounting device to decompose the source of welfare asymmetries into three time-varying contributions: share of income allocated to consumption, measured productivity, and capital stock. Asymmetry in capital accumulation is the largest contributing factor, and measured productivity is the smallest.

Keywords: dynamic gains; asymmetry; capital; protectionism; liberalization;

JEL Classification: E22; F11; F13;

https://doi.org/10.20955/wp.2023.019

Status: Published in European Economic Review

Bibliographic Information

Provider: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Part of Series: Working Papers

Publication Date: 2023-08-20

Number: 2023-019

Note: Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104692

Related Works

• Working Paper Revision (2024-01-18) : Trade Liberalization versus Protectionism: Dynamic Welfare Asymmetries
• Working Paper Original (2023-08-20) : You are here.