Discussion Paper

Shifting Dynamics in Bank Funding of NBFIs: The Rise of Credit Lines

Abstract: This paper examines the shifting dynamics in bank funding of nonbank financial institutions (NBFIs) from 1980 to 2024. We document three key facts. First, bank funding to NBFIs has been relatively stable, accounting for, on average, 3.5% of total NBFIs liabilities. Second, since 2012, on-balance-sheet funding by banks has declined sharply, falling from 4.7% to 2.5% of total NBFIs liabilities. Third, using Y-14 data, we find that credit lines extended to NBFIs have increased from 0.7% to 1.0% of total NBFIs liabilities, highlighting a structural shift in how banks engage with NBFIs. While reducing on-balance-sheet exposure to NBFIs might enhance financial stability, the growing reliance on credit lines, now accounting for approximately 3% of GDP, has increasingly introduced systemic vulnerabilities that can be amplified during periods of financial stress.

https://doi.org/10.17016/2380-7172.3822

Bibliographic Information

Provider: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.)

Part of Series: FEDS Notes

Publication Date: 2025-07-14

Number: 2025-07-14