Working Paper

Recourse as Shadow Equity: Evidence from Commercial Real Estate Loans


Abstract: We study the role that recourse plays in the commercial real estate loan contracts of the largest U.S. banks. We find that recourse is valued by lenders and is treated as a substitute for conventional equity. At origination, recourse loans have rate spreads that are at least 20 basis points lower and loan-to-value ratios that are around 3 percentage points higher than non-recourse loans. Dynamically, recourse affects loan modification negotiations by providing additional bargaining power to the lender. Recourse loans were half as likely to receive accommodation during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the modifications that did occur entailed a relatively smaller reduction in payments.

Keywords: Commercial real estate; Recourse; LTV;

JEL Classification: G21; G22; G23; R33;

https://doi.org/10.17016/FEDS.2021.079

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Provider: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.)

Part of Series: Finance and Economics Discussion Series

Publication Date: 2021-12-17

Number: 2021-079