Working Paper Revision

Debt Maturity and Commitment on Firm Policies


Abstract: When firms can trade debt only at discrete dates, debt maturity becomes an effective tool to discipline investment and debt policies. In the absence of other frictions, single-period debt restores first-best investment. With market freezes, long-maturity debt amplifies underinvestment and the leverage ratchet effect, while short maturity mitigates these distortions. Calibrating the model to U.S. non-financial firms shows that choosing the optimal debt maturity can reduce the cost of commitment problems and market frictions by up to 4% of firm value. A decomposition of the equilibrium credit spread reveals that the agency component associated with time-inconsistent debt and investment policies is largest when leverage and default risk are low, and is substantially reduced by shorter debt maturities.

JEL Classification: E22; G12; G31; G32;

https://doi.org/10.24149/wp2303r2

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Provider: Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas

Part of Series: Working Papers

Publication Date: 2026-03-04

Number: 2303

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