Journal Article
How Well Did PPP Loans Reach Low- and Moderate-Income Communities?
Schweitzer, Mark E.; Borawski, Garrett (2021-05-27)
We investigate the degree to which Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans reached small businesses in low- and moderate-income (LMI) communities. We use PPP loan data from the Small Business Administration that we geocode and link to census tracts. We assess the program’s reach in a few ways and focus on the number of loans, rather than the amount of funds, that went to different areas in order to capture the program’s impact on businesses with fewer than 50 employees—the vast majority of small businesses. We find evidence that the program did have a broad reach within LMI communities, ...
Economic Commentary , Volume 2021 , Issue 13 , Pages 5

Journal Article
The Rapidly Growing Home Care Sector and Labor Force Participation
Stepick, Lina; Tran, Brooke (2022-03-23)
The COVID-19 pandemic has shed light on the growing need for home care workers, who support their elderly and disabled clients in their homes with activities of daily living, and on the challenges of recruiting and retaining workers in the industry. This brief describes the state of the home care sector and its connection to the economy. It looks at home care as a rapidly growing industry facing significant challenges and at home care’s role in enabling working-aged family members to participate in the labor force,i which supports the Federal Reserve’s maximum employment mandateThere is ...
Community Development Research Brief , Volume 2022 , Issue 2 , Pages 22