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Economy's Essential Early Care and Education Industry but Still Faces Labor Shortfall
When the pandemic first struck and many child care centers closed, ECE worker unemployment spiked. Now that two years have passed since the onset of COVID-19 in the United States, to what extent has the industry recovered?
Black Workers, Mothers Leaving Early Education and Child Care Jobs amid Health Risks, Low Pay
Understanding which teachers were likelier to leave the industry over the past two years and the factors that could have influenced their decision to leave are at the heart of this study.
Discussion Paper
Who Has Been Evicted and Why?
More than two million American households are at risk of eviction every year. Evictions have been found to cause prolonged homelessness, worsened health conditions, and lack of credit access. During the COVID-19 outbreak, governments at all levels implemented eviction moratoriums to keep renters in their homes. As these moratoriums and enhanced income supports for unemployed workers come to an end, the possibility of a wave of evictions in the second half of the year is drawing increased attention. Despite the importance of evictions and related policies, very few economic studies have been ...
Discussion Paper
Do People View Housing as a Good Investment and Why?
Housing represents the largest asset owned by most households and is a major means of wealth accumulation, particularly for the middle class. Yet there is limited understanding of how households view housing as an investment relative to financial assets, in part because of their differences beyond the usual risk and return trade-off. Housing offers households an accessible source of leverage and a commitment device for saving through an amortization schedule. For an owner-occupied residence, it also provides stability and hedges for rising housing costs. On the other hand, housing is much ...
Discussion Paper
Are People Overconfident about Avoiding COVID-19?
More than six months into the COVID-19 outbreak, the number of new cases in the United States remains at an elevated level. One potential reason is a lack of preventative efforts either because people believe that the pandemic will be short-lived or because they underestimate their own chance of infection despite it being a public risk. To understand these possibilities, we elicit people’s perceptions of COVID-19 as a public health concern and a personal concern over the next three months to the following three years within the May administration of the Survey of Consumer Expectations ...
Labor market recovery and wage growth unequal across age groups after pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic severely depressed U.S. labor force participation. Although the pandemic has eased, people ages 20–24 and those over 55 have been less likely to return to the workforce.
Young adults are disconnected from work and school due to long-term labor force trends
The sharp rise during the pandemic in young people who are neither in school nor working—often referred to as “opportunity youth”—is the exacerbation of a problem that has gradually worsened in the past two decades.
EITC increases labor force participation among married Black mothers
Research has shown that the Earned Income Tax Credit, the largest of the U.S. antipoverty programs, boosts labor force participation among single mothers. It does not, in the aggregate, have the same effect on married mothers.
Demographic disparities among disconnected young adults persist but are narrowing over time
This article sheds light on how several demographic groups have differed in their response to business cycles over time and how their disconnection rates have changed in recent years.
Did expanded Child Tax Credit enable parents in financially vulnerable households to work during pandemic?
Social scientists have found in some instances that safety-net programs sometimes reduce recipients’ incentive to work and thereby provide a headwind to U.S. economic growth.