Journal Article
Labor Force Composition during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Gregory, Victoria; Steinberg, Joel (2021-11-08)
Compared with the U.S. as a whole, the labor market in the Fed’s Eighth District experienced a slightly milder downturn from 2020 to 2021.
The Regional Economist

Labor Force Exits and COVID-19: Who Left, and Are They Coming Back?
Gregory, Victoria; Steinberg, Joel (2021-10-04)
Millions of workers are still unemployed or have dropped out of the labor force. What is the likelihood that these people will return to work in the coming year?
On the Economy

Journal Article
Why Are Workers Staying Out of the U.S. Labor Force?
Gregory, Victoria; Steinberg, Joel (2022-02-02)
Shifts in retirement and people taking care of family or the home appear to be behind the drop in labor market participation.
The Regional Economist

Self-Employment Grows during COVID-19 Pandemic
Gregory, Victoria; Harding, Elisabeth; Steinberg, Joel (2022-07-05)
After declining then remaining fairly constant over the previous decade, the share of U.S. workers who are self-employed has grown in the aftermath of the COVID-19 recession.
On the Economy