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Journal Article
Equity for rural America : from Wall Street to Main Street : a conference summary
Equity markets play a crucial role as a lifeline of capital to entrepreneurs. U.S. equity markets are so large and so efficient that they have become an inexpensive way for many companies to raise capital through the issuance of stock. Indeed, many experts argue that the primary benefit of the equity markets is their role in providing new capital for business ventures. But the capital benefits of stock markets do not reach all businesses.> Many rural companies simply lack the size to issue stock directly on Wall Street. In addition, most rural companies cannot boast of the kind of growth ...
Conference Paper
Seizing new opportunities in rural America : general discussion
Journal Article
Community Reinvestment Act lending : is it profitable?
In 1977, Congress passed the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) to encourage federally insured depository institutions to lend in low- to moderate-income neighborhoods and to low- to moderate-income people. Since then, the profitability of the many special lending programs designed to achieve these goals has been questioned on both theoretical and practical grounds. ; The study examines the CRA loan profitability issue in the context of home mortgage lending. We surveyed 97 large institutions to explore profitability differences between their CRA and conventional home mortgage lending. ; ...
Conference Paper
Financing rural America : a conference summary
Journal Article
Strategic options for bankers in rural development
Many agricultural communities in the Midwest have experience protracted job and population loss. With recent strains in agriculture and the potential for further loss looming, many bankers have expressed an interest in initiatives they can undertake to promote local growth and development. This article outlines a community development process to help bankers succeed with their development activities. Within the context of this process, it recounts the community development initiatives of several small rural community banks, examining the management decisions behind them and lessons gleaned ...
Journal Article
Financing rural America : a conference summary
After a steep recession in the 1980s, many rural places are mounting a strong economic comeback in the 1990s. Reflecting the economic turnaround, more people are moving to rural areas. Notwithstanding the improved rural economic picture, rural leaders remain concerned about rural America's economic future. Chief among these concerns is gaining access to capital to fuel continued growth. ; Many rural communities, especially those traditionally tied to agriculture, are trying to diversify their economic base, and capital is needed to finance new businesses. Housing is in short supply, and many ...
Journal Article
The role of the examiner in limiting payments transfer risks
Special issue on payments system risk
Conference Paper
Equity for rural America : a conference summary
Conference Paper
Creating new economic opportunities : discussion