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Working Paper
Implications of alternative operational risk modeling techniques
Quantification of operational risk has received increased attention with the inclusion of an explicit capital charge for operational risk under the new Basle proposal. The proposal provides significant flexibility for banks to use internal models to estimate their operational risk, and the associated capital needed for unexpected losses. Most banks have used variants of value at risk models that estimate frequency, severity, and loss distributions. This paper examines the empirical regularities in operational loss data. Using loss data from six large internationally active banking ...
Conference Paper
Economic cycles and bank health
Over the past two decades the United States has experienced substantial increases in the number of bank failures, however, surprisingly few banks have failed during the 2001 recession. This paper explores the relationship between economic cycles and bank health. We find that economic forecasts provide little additional information over bank-specific financial data during prosperous times, possibly because bank problems during these times are likely to be idiosyncratic to individual management decisions. However, economic forecasts become relevant during troubled economic periods, with poor ...
Conference Paper
Building an infrastructure for financial stability: an overview
Conference Paper
International implications of disclosing supervisory information
Journal Article
Building an infrastructure for financial stability: an overview
Numerous conferences organized in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 1997-98 offered analyses of what went wrong in the crisis countries and prompted a number of reform proposals directed toward reducing the risk of future crises. However, now that the crisis has abated, reform appears to be much lower on most political agendas and is rarely the topic of media reports or academic inquiries. The Federal Reserve Bank of Boston's June 2000 conference "Building an Infrastructure for Financial Stability" attempted to address this deficiency. ; As conference participants presented their ...
Working Paper
Impact of greater bank disclosure amidst a banking crisis
Banking crises have continued to emerge in recent years, contributing to severe economic contractions in Japan, Russia, and Southeast Asia. In response, international organizations have advocated enhanced market discipline, encouraging countries to improve disclosure. One reason so little progress has been made is that neither the proponents nor the opponents of enchanted disclosure policies have persuasive empirical evidence to support their views on potential costs and benefits of such a policy. This paper fills that gap by examining the impact of requiring the release of supervisory ...
Journal Article
Pricing bank stocks: the contribution of bank examinations
In the wake of recent studies concluding that financial markets effectively demand risk premia on noninsured bank securities, the debate has intensified over whether we should place greater reliance on markets and less reliance on direct regulatory oversight. This study contributes to the debate by investigating the interaction between the market's pricing of bank equity securities and the regulatory examination process during the early stages of New England's banking crisis in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It addresses the concern that reducing regulatory oversight may adversely affect ...
Journal Article
Problem loans at New England banks, 1989 to 1992: evidence of aggressive loan policies
The New England banking industry experienced serious problems between 1989 and 1992. As the region's economy deteriorated, banks failed at an unprecedented rate and many others barely survived. Banking problems were widespread, but they were not uniform. The ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans was in excess of 10 percent for some New England banks, below 1 percent for others, even though all faced the external shock of the collapse in the region's real estate market.> This study attempts to determine whether a 'skills' hypothesis or a 'policies' hypothesis better explains the ...
Working Paper
Manager's opportunistic trading of their firms' shares: a case study of executives in the banking industry
Providing managers with stock in the firm may help ensure that managers act in the shareholders' interest. The level of managerial stock ownership, however, is not generally controlled by the firm's compensation committee. Rather, managers themselves determine the level of their stock holdings. To date, though, little evidence exists on managers' personal transactions and how these trades affect their overall equity holdings. This analysis provides insight on the trading practices of bank managers. ; I find that managers do not rely solely on the actions of a compensation committee to set ...