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Working Paper
Fiscal policy in the European Monetary Union
A country entering the EMU surrenders its monetary policy, and its debt becomes denominated in terms of a currency over which it has no direct control. A country's promise to uphold the fiscal limits in the Maastricht Treaty and the Stability and Growth Pact is implicitly a promise not to allow its fiscal stance to deteriorate to a position in which it places pressure on the central bank to forgo its price level target to finance fiscal deficits. Violation of these limits has raised questions about potential fiscal encroachment on the monetary authority's freedom to determine the price level. ...
Working Paper
Financial liberalization and banking crises in emerging economies
In this paper, we provide a theoretical explanation of why financial liberalization is likely to generate financial crises in emerging market economies. We first show that under financial repression the aggregate capital stock and bank net worth are both likely to be low. This leads a newly liberalized bank to be highly levered, because the marginal product of capitaland thus loan interest ratesare high. The high returns on capital, however, also make default unlikely, and they encourage the bank to retain all of its earnings. As the banks net worth grows, aggregate capital rises, the ...
Journal Article
Fiscal policy and inflation
Working Paper
Inflation and unemployment in open economies